affect and the brain Flashcards
History of the study of emotion:
mentalism theory
Mentalism: unscientific
1800s- approaches, metaphysics-were popular in the
Victorian era. unscientific
History of the study of emotion:
1900’s -Positivism, Behaviourism: a
more scientific approach; focused only on observable
and measurable events, and deliberatly ignored the brain
subjective phenomena
In the context of animals, it’s difficult to claim or deny their subjective experiences (like emotions or consciousness) because we cannot fully observe or interpret them in the same way we can with objective, measurable behaviors. The phrase “it is idle to either claim or deny their existence
what theory was started by darwin?
mentalism
Darwin’s biological approach linked the origins of x to animal behavior,
Darwin’s biological approach linked the origins of emotions to animal behavior,
He argued that while cultural factors play a minor role, all human cultures share similar emotions, and emotional systems in humans and animals are x , indicating a shared evolutionary origin.
homologous
Six emotional states:
Six emotional states:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust
Jaak Panksepp
Father of ‘Affective Neuroscience’- study of the x correlates of emotions
this showed that x control emotions
neural
the brain
the brain allows:
ex thought
conciousness
awareness/sense of self
memories
thought
feeling
assumption between animal and human brain
Assumption
Highly conserved: same basic systems and networks in humans & animal
aka homology
Emotions evolved as adaptive x
functions
Emotions evolved as adaptive neurological
functions
in term of evolution, emotions must have a function
what is the main 2 funciotns
protection- fear, anger, jealousy
social bonding- maternal care, sexual attraction
what 2 parts of the brain do emotions come from
mid and hind brain
cognition and itellegence are from what section of brain
frontal lobe and cortex
in terms of evolution, what order where the brain layers made
hind brain, mid brain, forebrain
brain regions and pathways are found
across all mammalian species
this indicates x
homology and similar emotions
reptilian brain
is what area of the brain and what function
hind brain
exploration, agression, sex
limbic brain
is what area of the brain and what function
mid brain
social bonding, play
neocortex
is what area of the brain and what function
fore brain
thought, language
The Triune Brain Model (Paul McLean)
what about this theory is false?
what about it is true?
that all layers of the brain fucntion independendtly. this is not true
each layer does have its own function
james lange theory
is he correct?
he says a stimulus comes first then we get an emotion after arousal
he says: stimulus-arousal-cognition-emotion
incorrect
-this doesnt make sense in evolution bc we should be scared of something before it happens
the james lange theorys suggests emotions are purely the result of x responses. This neglects the idea that x processes
it suggests emotions are purely the result of physical responses. This neglects the idea that cognitive processes
what is the current view of response and emotion?
emotion evolve to have a x
physiological changes result from x
Emotion are a Primary Response
function
the emotoin
event- emotion-arousal-understanding
Emotions arise from x brain regions
Emotions arise from medial brain regions
what comes first? emotion or cognition
emotion, cognitive response
Functions of emotions: (as described by Panksepp)
pos emotion
neg emotion
Positive emotions - Comfort/seeking
Negative emotions - Discomfort/protective
affective state
An affective state refers to a psychological condition or mood that is characterized by specific emotional experiences,
Affective states
evolved to deal with x and x in the environment
with goals and threats in the env
Positive networks are associated w..
goals
-electrical self stimulation when the brain region is stimulated
negative networks associated w..
threats
-avoidance response when brain region is stimulated
seeking:
what type of motivation
hint: drive actions needed to survive
if underactive..
if overactive..
positive motivation
reward feeling is associated
-exploration, foraging
underactive- depression, sickness
overactive- impulse behaviour
care:
promotoes x behaviour
it is closely related to what 2 feelings. why
maternal behaviour
stimulated by oxytocin- milk letdown
grief- sad when offspring leave- touch
lust- touch
touch relates to oxytocin
play:
highly motivated. why
what 2 phases are the same
it is self rewarding
appetitive and consummatory are the same
prepares them for life
greif:
goal is too..
oposite response to..
to reunite with parent or social group
oposite response as care
fear and rage:
what type of emotion
why do we have them
negative
for protection, defense
microexpression def
are brief, involuntary expressions that occur in response to emotions, lasting only a fraction of a second
ex horse stomping math
Brain lateralization
ex
Brain lateralization refers to the specialization of certain mental processes and functions in either the L or R side of the brain
tail wagging
