Parental 2 Flashcards
the most efficient litter size and age strategy
hint pigs
Pigs: polytocous, precocial species
whathousing system was not approved even though it improves welfare for pigs
The Family Pen System
pigs are polytocou and precocial
are the R or K species?
R
Lots of offspring little parental care
R species have hapid population growth when x are abundant
resources
R species: when resources are low, x survival expected to decrease
offspring
◼ How many piglets can a sow produce?
about 14
Selecting the nest site:
it is induced by …
which 3?
hormones-
prostaglandin F2 alpha (mostly)
estradiol
progesterone
nest building:
what type of motivation
what does this mean
internal motivation
means that even if provide an nest she will stillwant to make one
nesting behaviour causes increase in what hormone levels
why
oxytocin
because oxytocin is a hormone that plays a key role in social bonding, reproduction, and maternal behaviors.
Function of nest building:
Facilitates x of litter
sow treats litter as “an x”
Facilitates recognition of litter
◼ Sow treats litter as “an entity”
nest building:
causes a delay in x recognition
how is this used in productoin?
individual recognition bc she sees them all as a whole
This can be used for cross fostering. Can just add one t
another litter
How do neonates locate the udder?
they are attracted to..
we know this from x test
what happens to sows body temp at farrowing
◼ Pigs attracted to warmth and softness
then they follow scent trail of prev piglets
- and they find the belly then search higher up for the udder
Preference test
temp increases at farrowing
piglets establish a x order
teat order
◼ Piglets fight more during the 2nd hr after birth than during the 8th hr
why-
individual time
whole litter
to estbalish teat order
Individual piglet teat order -Within an hour after birth
whole litter 3 days to make the order
nursing is a x motivated behaviour
it reduces..
internally motivated
reduced cortisol/stress
weaning later will increase offspring
survival
but costs lots of energy
does commercial or wild pigs wean ealier?
commercial wean significantly ealier
why is it important how fast calves stand?
important bc once they stand they suckle. colostrum
how does a higher situated udder influnece the time to suckle?
higher udder stakes shorter for the calf to find and suckle
beef cattle smaller udder tf faster
Proceeded to consume amnion,
placenta, straw covered in birth fluids
◼ Why would a herbivore eat flesh?
For nutrients, to avoid predation
Licking response was greater in
mature x than in x
if more time licking then what happens to the bond
Licking response was greater in
mature cows than in heifers
stronger bond
better mothering behaviour
was observed in x cows
better mothering behaviour
was observed in beef cows
Parent-Offspring Conflict
Conflict is most evident at what process
Conflict is most evident at weaning
In canids
regurgitation of food provides a
bridge at weaning
why do they do this
Less costly than milk production
Can be provided by multiple pack members
