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Neurology Anatomy and Physiology > Space-Occupying Lesions & Head Trauma > Flashcards

Space-Occupying Lesions & Head Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What is a space-occupying lesion?

A

When abnormal tissue takes up space within the cranium

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2
Q

What is the Monro-Kellie hypothesis?

A

That a rise in intracranial volume causes an exponential rise in ICP

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3
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
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4
Q

What is found in the connective tissue of the scalp?

A

Scalp arteries forming an anastomotic network

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5
Q

What is the pterion?

A

An H-shaped suture between frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

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6
Q

Why is the pterion significant clinically?

A

As it is the thinnest part of the skull and sits superficial to the middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

What are the three layers of meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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8
Q

What is found deep to the arachnoid matter and what does it contain?

A

Subarachnoid space - contains circulating CSF

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9
Q

Give three important folds of dura mater

A

Diaphragm sellae
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebri

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10
Q

What projects through the diaphragm sellae?

A

Pituitary stalk

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11
Q

The brainstem passes through what part of dura mater?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located?

A

In the sagittal plane in the groove between cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

What sinuses are found in the falx cerebri?

A

Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

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14
Q

The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses drain towards what?

A

Confluence of the sinsuses

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15
Q

Blood from the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses drains into what structures?

A

Sigmoid sinus which becomes internal jugular vein

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16
Q

What are the four main arteries supplying the brain?

A

Right and left internal carotids

Right and left vertebrals

17
Q

The right vertebral artery passes through what cranial foramina to enter the cranium?

A

Foramen magnum

18
Q

The right and left vertebral arteries anastamose to form which artery?

A

Basilar artery

19
Q

The basilar artery bifurcates to give what branches?

A

Right and left posterior cerebral arteries

20
Q

Which arteries connect the posterior cerebral arteries to the internal carotid arteries?

A

Right and left posterior communicating arteries

21
Q

The lateral aspects of the cerebral hemispheres are supplied by what arteries?

A

Middle cerebral arteries

22
Q

The medial aspects of the cerebral hemispheres are supplied by what arteries?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries

23
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

24
Q

CSF is secreted by the choroid plexus into which ventricles?

A

Right and left lateral

25
Q

From the lateral ventricles CSF passes into which ventricle?

A

Third ventricle

26
Q

CSF passes from the third ventricle into the fourth via what structure?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

27
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed once in the subarachnoid space?

A

Arachnoid granulations

28
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

When there is overproduction, obstruction or poor reabsorption of CSF

29
Q

The middle meningeal artery is found between what structures?

A

Parietal bone and dura mater

30
Q

An extradural haemorrhage results from damage to which artery?

A

Middle meningeal

31
Q

What is the cause of a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Torn cerebral veins

32
Q

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is caused by what?

A

Berry aneurysm

33
Q

What ligaments does the needle pass through in a lumbar puncture?

A

Supraspinous and interspinous

Ligamentum flavum

34
Q

At which level should a lumbar puncture occur to ensure safety?

A

L3/L4

35
Q

An uncal herniation results in compression of which nerve?

A

CN III

Neurology Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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