Back, Spine and Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards
Give examples of extrinsic back muscles
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
What are the two main groups of intrinsic back muscles?
Erector spinae
Transversospinalis
The erector spinae is deep to the transversospinalis. True/false?
False - erector spinae is superficial
What are the superior attachments of the erector spinae muscles?
Rib
Transverse/spinous process of vertebra
Where do the erector spinae muscles attach inferiorly?
Sacrum and iliac crest
Where are the transversospinalis muscles attached?
Between transverse and spinous processes
The intrinsic back muscles are innervated by what nerves?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
What muscle group contracts to extend the spine?
Erector spinae (bilaterally)
What muscle group contracts to laterally flex the spine?
Erector spinae (unilaterally)
What muscles are involved in spine flexion?
Psoas major
Rectus abdominis
Identify the features of a typical vertebra
What is contained within intervertebral foramen?
Spinal nerves
What joint is found between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Facet joint
What attaches to the anterior aspects of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What attaches to the posterior aspects of all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Identify these spinal ligaments
Why is C1 unique?
It has no body or spinous process
What are C1 and C2 called?
C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
The atlanto-occipital joints contributes to what movements?
Neck flexion and extension
What is the main movement of the atlanto-axial joints?
Rotation
Where is anaesthetic injected in caudal anaesthesia?
Into the sacral hiatus
What substance acts as a shock absorber to protect the spinal cord?
Epidural fat
