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Grade 9 SCIENCE > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

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1
Q

Astronomy

A

Study of the universe and the objects in it

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2
Q

Astronomer

A

person who studies astronomy

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3
Q

celestial objects

A

objects in the sky

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4
Q

Solar System

A

the Sun together with all the planets + other celestial objects that are held by the Sun’s gravitational attraction + orbit around it

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5
Q

Planet

A

large, rounded astronomical body that’s neither a star nor remnant

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6
Q

Star (definition)

A

any mass self-luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived by gravitational attraction

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7
Q

Galaxy

A

system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas + dust, held together by gravitational attraction + stellar systems

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8
Q

When astronomers study celestial objects, they’re in the ____ not the ______

A

past + present

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9
Q

Nothing can travel faster than the _______ in a vacuum

A

Speed of light

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10
Q

Our cosmic address is…?

A

Earth, Solar system, milkyway galaxy, local group, virgo supercluster, local supercluster, observable universe

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11
Q

Astrology

A

study of origins and evolution of the universe

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12
Q

Astronomy involves both ________ and ________ research

A

emperical + theoretical

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13
Q

emperical

A

data obtained through direct or indirect observation and experimentation

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14
Q

theoretical

A

theories

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15
Q

Geocentric Model

A

belief that Earth sat at the center of the Universe and the sun, moon, and 5 known planets revolved around it

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16
Q

Geocentric Model’s beliefs were suggested by the teachings and view of:

A

plato, aristottle, and ptolemy

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17
Q

Nicholas C.

A

revived idea that Sun was center of universe + Earth + planets orbit around it

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18
Q

planet’s distance from Sun = planet’s _____ ______

A

orbital radius

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19
Q

shorter orbital radius = _____ the planet moves in its orbit due to the ________ towards the Sun + gravitational pull from Sun

A

faster + distance

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20
Q

German Mathematician discovered…

A

the orbits of the planets were eclipses not circles called eliptical orbits

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21
Q

American person studied universe in 1920’s + confirmed _______________________________________

A

galaxies existed beyond the milkyway

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22
Q

Hubble’s finding suggested that the universe is _________, the galaxies are moving away from each other at an ________ ________

A

expanding + accelerated rate

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23
Q

Big Bang Theory =

A

states that the universe formed when an indefinitely dense point suddenly + quickly expanded in a single moment

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24
Q

all energy + matter exists today was _________ years ago + marks beginning of time

A

13.8 billion

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25
Q

Everything you can see and do right now =

A

observable universe

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26
Q

theories that our universe is part of a greater ________

A

multiverse

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27
Q

In our planetary system, we have the ____ as the central star and all the natural _________ _________ orbiting it

A

Sun + celestial bodies

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28
Q

unit of measurement for large distances to measure within the S.S

A

Astronomical Units (AU)

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29
Q

_ AU = distance from Earth to Sun

A

1

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30
Q

1 AU =

A

150 million km

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31
Q

star is made of ?

A

hot ball of plasma, electrically charged gas, which shines b/c nuclear fusion takes place in it

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32
Q

sun’s core has ______ ______ atoms converted to __________-

A

four hydrogen atoms + helium

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33
Q

inner planet

A

planets close to sun

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34
Q

asteroid belt

A

between Mars and Jupiter that separates inner planets from outer ones

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35
Q

outer planets

A

large, made of gas, often called Gas giants

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36
Q

Moon

A

natural satellite orbiting a planet, dwarf planet, or asteroid in S.S

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37
Q

Dwarf planet

A

celestial body orbiting the sun, has enough mass to assume a near round shape, but has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit and is not a moon

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38
Q

other minor bodies in S.S

A

kuiper belt objects (+ dwarf planets), Oort cloud objects, comets, asteroids

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39
Q

difference between star and planet?

A

planet orbits sun, have gas or rocks made of them

stars made of hot plasma and self-luminous

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40
Q

shortest day in the year in the Northern Hemisphere

A

Dec 22

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41
Q

gravity is thought to be made of

A

dark matter

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42
Q

Where can there be 24 hours of darkness on the planet

A

Antarctica

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43
Q

When the moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun, it’s going to be a

A

new moon

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44
Q

a lunar cycle begins with a

A

new moon

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45
Q

equinoxes occur

A

twice per year

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46
Q

When and how was the solar system formed?

A

4.57 billion years ago by gravitational compression of gas + dust clouds

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47
Q

galaxies are held together by ______ _______

A

dark matter

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48
Q

galaxies occur in groups called ______ ______ which form in groups called _______ _______

A

galaxy clusters + super clusters

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49
Q

nebulae

A

giant cloud of gas and dust in out space which gravity pulls together to form stars

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50
Q

galaxy with more dust w/ ______ stars = ______ stars

A

more

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51
Q

Widening near the core called ______ _________ which is mainly made up of ____ stars

A

central bulge + old stars

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52
Q

surrounding the central bulge is the _______ ________ which is made up of individual stars

A

galactic halo

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53
Q

_______ galaxies contain little dust + few young stars than sprial galaxy

A

elliptical

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54
Q

galaxies w/o reg. shape =

A

irregular galaxies

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55
Q

black holes are made when

A

massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle

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56
Q

each large galaxy has

A

supermassive blackhole at its center

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57
Q

quasar =

A

extremely luminous, active, supermassive black hole

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58
Q

dark matter =

A

matter in the universe that’s invisible

59
Q

how much does dark matter makes up the universe?

A

25%

60
Q

___% of the universe appears to be made up of a mysterious, invisible force called ______ _______ that repels ________

A

65%
dark energy
gravity

61
Q

biggest amount of stuff is?

A

dark energy

62
Q

we see __% of what’s in space

A

10

63
Q

light is a form of what?

A

form of energy

64
Q

how does light travel?

A

wavelengths called electromagnetic radiation

65
Q

each different color of the ______ spectrum has its own wavelength + each element has a unique __________ __________

A

visible
spectral signature

66
Q

stars often have characteristic _______ __________ and analyzing spectral lines indicates which __________ are in a star

A

spectral lines
elements

67
Q

star cluster =

A

concentration of stars in a small region of space

68
Q

two types of star clusters:

A

open clusters + globular clusters

globular = close together
open = open (you’re stupid if ydk)

69
Q

4 common shapes of galaxies =

A

spiraled
barred spiral
elliptical
irregular

70
Q

Life cycle of a star:

A

(LOOK AT LESSON FIVE IF YOU DONT KNOW AND REVIEW)

71
Q

High or very High Mass stars tend to do / look / be like what?

A
  • larger than our sun (8x or more larger)
  • short life span b/c it’s hot
  • lasts for millions of years
  • blue
  • death = blackhole
72
Q

Low or Medium mass star tend to do / look / be like what?

A
  • burn longer
  • cooler
  • hydrogen + helium
  • yellow
  • lasts for billions of years
73
Q

The star is at the center of the universe? T or F?

A

FALSE

the Sun is at the center of the SOLAR SYSTEM NOT THE UNIVERSE

74
Q

Which telescope has a clear view of the Sun since 1995

A

the Solar + Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)

75
Q

What’s the largest object in our Solar System?

A

Sun

76
Q

What does the Sun provide for all planets?

A

source of almost all energy in the system, providing heat + light for all planets

77
Q

What holds the Solar System together?

A

Sun’s gravity

78
Q

Sun warms our planets and provides _______ energy

A

thermal energy

79
Q

The thermal energy from the sun drives ………. and makes changes possible through what cycle?

A

drives: weather, ocean currents, seasons, + climate

makes changes through PHOTOSYNTHESIS

80
Q

Sun’s layers include…

A

a core, several zones, the surface + chromosphere

81
Q

what happens in the core of the Sun?

A

process of nuclear fusion, atoms of Hydrogen fuse, or join to form atoms of Helium, releasing immense amounts of energy

82
Q

radiative zone =

A

the energy produced in the Sun’s core moves toward into the next layer

83
Q

the energy moves outward to the _______ zone where cool matter sinks + hot matter rises

A

convective zone

84
Q

energy continues to move outward until it reaches the Sun’s surface, the ___________

A

photosphere

85
Q

what’s the thin layer above the photosphere called

A

chromosphere

86
Q

what’s the outermost layer of the Sun

A

corona

87
Q

sunspot

A

dark region of cooler matter on the photosphere

88
Q

prominence

A

large, often curved, bright stream of particles extending outward from photosphere into the corona

89
Q

solar flare

A

huge explosion of gas and charged particles

90
Q

extremely powerful kind of flare =

A

coronal mass ejection

91
Q

solarwinds

A

heat of the sun that produces a thin stream of subatomic particles, which reach the Earth

92
Q

aurora borealis

A

solar winds create breathtaking light displays

93
Q

QUESTION ON TEST:
How do we study the Sun?

A

SOHO telescope

94
Q

QUESTION ON TEST:
What does the Sun give the Earth

A
  • photosynthesis
  • heat
  • weather patterns
95
Q

________ from the Sun that is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions and gathering ________

A

radiation
electricity

96
Q

solar energy =

A

cleanest + most abundant renewable renewable energy source available

97
Q

3 ways to harvest solar energy

A

solar hot water, solar thermal energy, photvoltaic cells

98
Q

pros + cons of solar energy

A

PROS:
- efficient
- independent on other energy source
- works in different climates
- low maintenance
- less expensive ONCE SET UP

CONS:
- more expensive WHEN SETTING UP
- weather dependant
- store energy = expensive
- needs space
- not all high quality, so if it’s not good it needs to be replaced

99
Q

The _____ and _____ Poles mark the two ends of Earth’s _____ on the planet’s surface

A

North + South
axis

100
Q

From the North Pole the rotation appears to move _____________

A

counter-clockwise

101
Q

rotation =

A

one complete spin of Earth on its axis

102
Q

how long does one rotation take

A

24 hours

103
Q

Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of __._ degrees + revolves around its orbit around the ___

A

25.5
Sun

104
Q

daily rotation makes Earth’s

A

day + night

105
Q

north hemisphere = _________
south hemisphere = _________
b/c of earth’s tilt

A

more dark
more light

106
Q

revolution

A

one complete orbit of Earth around the Sun

107
Q

changing seasons are created bc of Earth’s ______ axis + the planet’s ________ around the Sun

A

tilted
revolution

108
Q

Earth’s North Pole points almost exactly towards what specific star

A

Polaris ( North Star ) used to navigate

109
Q

Summer Solistice

A

marks the longest period of daylight in the year + represents the start of summer

110
Q

winter solistice

A

marks the shortest day of the year + start of winter

111
Q

Equinoxes =

A

a day when the hours of daylight + hours of night are equal length

112
Q

the moon’s period of _____ and ______ have become equal overtime

A

rotation + revolution

113
Q

moon’s revolution occurs in how many phases

A

8

114
Q

one complete change of phase from the moon phases =

A

lunar cycle

115
Q

phases of moon

A

new moon, waning crescent, half moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waxing gibbous, first quarter, waxing crescent,

116
Q

tides

A

alternate rising + falling of the level of the oceans everday

117
Q

how are tides caused

A

rotation of Earth + gravitational pull of the Moon + Sun on Earth’s oceans + Earth itself
cause bodies of water to bulge

118
Q

how many high and low tides per day

A

two

119
Q

eclipse

A

when sun, moon, + earth line up exactly, a partial, or total shadow of one body is cast on another

120
Q

3 types of eclipses:

A

partial, total, annular

total = completely block sun (rare)

121
Q

umbra

A

small shadows hitting earth during solar eclipse

122
Q

penumbra

A

bigger shadow during solar eclipse

123
Q

3 types of lunar eclipses

A

partial, total, penumbral

124
Q

constellation =

A

stars that change due to motion of Earth in its orbit around Sun

125
Q

light pollution

A

obscures stars in the night

126
Q

space exploration

A

use of astronomy and space tech to explore outer space

127
Q

purpose of astronomical telescopes

A

make obj. from outer space bigger and as bright + large as possible

128
Q

space-based telescopes

A

placed in space and can view planets not visible by Earth-based telescopes

129
Q

radio telescopes

A

collect radio waves from objects like stars + galaxies

130
Q

our only natural satellite

A

the moon

131
Q

first telescope

A

refracting = 2 glass mirrors

132
Q

space expl. led to

A

space transportation tech like rockets, shuttles, space stations

133
Q

the ISS = largest spacecraft ever built (T or F)

A

TRUE

134
Q

artificial satellite =

A

device placed in orbit around Earth or another celestial obj.

135
Q

impacts of space tech

A

space junk
money waste

136
Q

hazards of space expl.

A

solar radiation, damage/ collision of microgravity, risk of economic +labor loss, space debris

137
Q

Interstellar Space

A

space around the stars

138
Q

Light Years

A

distance light travels in a year

139
Q

Sun

A

star and self-luminous celestial body at the center of the universe

140
Q

satellite

A

natural planet or machine sent into space

141
Q

intergalactic space

A

Spaces from galaxies

142
Q

Black hole (DEFINITION)

A

a region of spacing having gravitational field so intense no matter or radiation can escape

143
Q

What are three historical theories and one current one

A

Geocentric Model:
Earth = center theory

Heliocentric Model:
Sun= center of UNIVERSE

Galaxies are Expanding:
Universe suggest universe is expanding and galaxies are separating

Current = BIG BANG THEORY

144
Q

Evidence of BIG BANG THEORY

A

background cosmic radiation
detected energy from the massive explosion - echo of the theory

Grade 9 SCIENCE (9 decks)

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