Biology Key Terms (UPDATED)

Question 1

gyres

Answer 1

circular ocean current with trapped garbage

Question 2

3 layers of soil

Answer 2

uppermost, subsoil, bedrock

Question 3

3 types of soil

Answer 3

clay soil, sandy soil, loam

Question 4

8 mg/L of oxygen supports….

Answer 4

large numbers of diverse species thrive

Question 5

6 mg/L of oxygen loses…

Answer 5

mayflies, stoneflies. + beetles gone

Question 6

4 mg/L of oxygen supports….

Answer 6

freshwater shrimp, midge larvae, + worms can survive

Question 7

2 mg/L of oxygen supports….

Answer 7

midge larvae and some worms can survive

Question 8

What is BOD (BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND)

Answer 8

measures how quickly oxygen is used up by micoorganisms in a body of water

Question 9

microorganisms are…

Answer 9

a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus.

Question 10

eutrophication =

Answer 10

an increased growth of plants like algae, which depletes oxygen lvls. in water

Question 11

Ex. of eutrophication

Answer 11

exce. nutrients (N + P) from chem. fert. leach nutri. from soil + run in local water + streams + may cause algae blooms

Question 12

heavy metals are ______ ______ ______ than an equal vol. of water

Answer 12

5+ times more heavier

Question 13

heavy metals =

Answer 13

mercury, copper, lead, cadimum

Question 14

heavy metals examples =

Answer 14

batteries + fluorescent light bulbs

Question 15

heavy metals are released by….

Answer 15

coal-fired power plants + settle in water

Question 16

bioaccummulation =

Answer 16

used to describe the build up of chemicals in aquatic organisms

Question 17

example of bioacc. =

Answer 17

algae picking up bits pf mercury over time

Question 18

biomagnification =

Answer 18

the chemical becomes more + more strengthens in each link of food chain

Question 19

example of biomagnification =

Answer 19

when the mercury in the algae is more common when animals eat more

Question 20

extirpated =

Answer 20

a species that no longer exists in ON but is somewhere else

Question 21

endangered =

Answer 21

a species that faces extinction or extirpation

Question 22

threatened =

Answer 22

a species that is at risk of becoming endangered if limiting factors are not reversed

Question 23

special concern

Answer 23

a species w/ characteristics that make it sensitive to human activities or natural events
EX - MONARCH BUTTERFLY

Question 24

list the different risk terms in order from least to most scary

Answer 24

special concern, threatened, endangered, extirpated, extinct

Question 25

conservation strats =

Answer 25

situ conservation + in-situ conservation

Question 26

situ conservation

Answer 26

human designed to protect species in human-made environments == black footed ferrets in zoo

Question 27

in-situ conservation

Answer 27

conserves species in natural habitat

Question 28

protected areas =

Answer 28

parks, reserves, and marine sancutuaries

Question 29

ecological footprint =

Answer 29

amo. of water, land + resources you use

Question 30

what does stewardship look like in forestry?

Answer 30

no clearcutting
no removing trees near any water – stops soil erosion + changing rivers + habitats
trees must be replanted
a variety of tree types must be planted to maintain biodiv.

Question 31

what does stewardship look like in agriculture?

Answer 31

farms reduced pesticide use by 50%, no-till farming prevents soil erosion + reduce GHGs, and organic farming does not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides, however, a drawback is that the crop yields are reduced as conseque.

Question 32

we use resources for

Answer 32

food (cinnamon, almonds), products (wax + wood), leisure (religions + mental + phys. health), business (bring natural resources – ecotourism), water + air purification (swamps purify air + water

Question 33

why do we need biodiversity

Answer 33

food, healthy ecosystem

Question 34

why is biodiversity important

Answer 34

fights diseases, food, protects water resources

Question 35

genetic diversity =

Answer 35

differences among individuals of same species –> dogs, cats

lack of gen. div. = threat to survival

Question 36

habitat fragmentation =

Answer 36

larger habitats broken up

Question 37

invasive species =

Answer 37

non-native species that causes harm to the ecosystem in which it was introduced

out compete native species, reproduce faster + have no nat. predators

Question 38

five ways to reduce carbon footprint

Answer 38

save water, turn off lights, waste food less, save food, recycle more

Question 39

pollution =

Answer 39

substance added to environment that produces a condition harmful to organism

Question 40

sustainable use of an ecosystem

Answer 40

using the resources of that place without compromising future generations’ needs

Question 41

logger companies do 4 things to make forests sustainable which are:

Answer 41

replanting trees in clear-cut areas
no cutting trees near water
no cutting more than planting
shelterwood cutting > clearcutting

Question 42

ways freshwater ecosystems that stress them

Answer 42

motor boats
beach
docks
sewages

Question 43

acid rain created by:

Answer 43

nitrogen + sulpher containing compounds from mining, elec. produc., etc. and in air combine with water vapour to make acid