SP 2 Flashcards
What did the results of the sport orientation questionnaire show
-males scored higher on competitiveness and win orientation
-females scored higher on goal orientation
-athletes were more concerned about performance and less about outcome than non-athletes
What are the three stages of achievement motivation for young children
Autonomous competence stage, social comparison stage, integrated stage
What is the autonomous competence stage
- child is concerned with mastering skills
- children don’t compare with each other and is concerned about doing better than last time
- they set their own goals
What is the social comparison stage
- from about 6 children start to compare themselves with others
- like to progress if they enjoy competition and use the feedback gained
-they measure success using external standards
What is the integrated stage
-no fixed age depends on maturity
-they measure success using using external and internal standards
What is motivation
The will/desire to learn/achieve success/ drive
The internal mechanisms and external stimulus which arouse and direct our behaviour
What are the two types of extrinsic motivation
Intangible and tangible
Disadvantages of too much extrinsic motivation
-may damage intrinsic motivation
-become dependent on extrinsic motivation
-too much pressure can lead to cheating
-may lead to loss of motivation- failure to achieve extrinsic reward
What are contingent rewards
Rewards are linked to improvement in performance or special achievements eg. Grading system in karate
What are the main reasons for sport participation
Physical, emotional, social, psychological, well being, health
What are strategies to maintain intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
-offering rewards and incentives
-pointing out role models
-setting goals and targets
-using positive feedback
-asking activities fun and enjoyable
What does SMART stand for
Specific
Measurable
Agreed
Realistic
Time phased
What is a goal
The identification of what the performer is trying to achieve at a specified time in the future
What are the benefits of goal setting
-improve confidence
-improve motivation
-regulating and sustaining effort
-focus on weaker aspects of performance
-monitor performance
-able to compare with previous goals
What are outcome goals
Goals conceded with the end resukt
What are perfromance goals
Goals conceded with the behaviour/ comparison of a previous performance
What are process orientated goals
Goals focused on how to become successful. Milestones that will improve overall performance
What are the three goal lengths
Short term, medium and long term goals
What is aggression
Any form of behaviour directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avion such treatment
What are the three types of aggression
Hostile aggression, instrumental aggression and assertive behaviour
What is hostile aggression
Aggression that has the primary intention to harm another person, inflicted with anger
What is instrumental aggression
Aggressive behaviour that is likely to cause harm but intentional to achieve a different aim
What is assertive behaviour
Does not involve the intention to harm. Use of legitimate force within rules
What are the three theories of aggression
Instinct theories, social learning theory, frustration aggression theory, Cue arousal theory
What is instinct theory
Aggressiveness if innate and is a natural characteristic of humans. Competitive sports acts as a catharsis to release frustration
What is social learning theory for aggression
Aggression is learned by observing others and/or by social reinforcement
