SAS Flashcards
Characteristics of popular recreation sports
Occasional,simple unwritten rules,physical force and not skill, violent, lower class, local
How many stages of public schools are there
Three stages
What is muscular Christianity
The combination of godliness and manliness,or the belief in having a strong and fit body to match a robust and healthy soul
What is athleticism
The combination of physical endeavour with moral integrity
What were Dr Arnold’s intentions
To change the public school system and introduce Christianity and sport. He used games as a vehicle for achieving social control
What were public schools like before Thomas Arnold
-boy culture-brutality and fighting
-truancy
-trespassing
-poaching
-hierarchy of older students
-little adult supervision
What are two examples of games made in public schools
Eton wall game, Winchester school rugby style game
When was the FA set up
1863
What happened when the public school boys went to university
Lots of different versions of games= the melting pot of ideas
How were factory workers paid for playing sports
They were payed recompense (broken time payments )
Negative effects of the industrial revolution on sport
-enclosures act so they couldn’t play on fields
-increased working hours so less leisure time
-RSPCA led to some sports disappearing
-lack of income
-police criminalised sports like bare knuckle boxing
Positive effects of the Industrial Revolution
-new equipment could be built (lawnmowers)
-more transport due to railways
-towns became more literate (machine instructions)
-printing press introduced supporters and heroism
-more disposable income-middle class
-Saturday half day act
Who was the philanthropist who improved working conditions and built a town for his workers
George cadbury
Where did public school boys go after university
-church
-schools
-army
-industry owners
-diplomats
-politicians
What are the concepts of amateurism
Manliness, physical endeavour, moral ingetrity, following rules
Who were the original proffesionals
The Lower class who played for factory teams
What led to the split of rugby union and rugby league
The divide in class- upper class believed there should be be no payments (amateurism)
When was rugby proffesionalised
1995
What were proffesionals referred to as in cricket
Players
What was WC grace and how did he do this
A shamateur- testimonials, charged a large fee to go to Australia as captain, free alcohol, people turned a blind eye as he was a celebrity
What is much wenlock and where is it
In Shropshire-birthplace of the modern Olympics
What did William penny brookes do
Encouraged sport in schools and formed the olympics class
When was the first wenlock games and what sports were played
1850- track an field events, football, cricket, cycling on penny farthings
When was the first modern olympics games held
1896
What are the principles of the games
FairPlay and sportsmanship, amateurism, friendship/ unity, education
What led to proffesionalism
Shamateurism, the USA scholarship system, Soviet Union and Russia provided state funding of sports
What is the lombardian ethic
Winning at all costs
How did college sport develop the lombardian ethic
Huge stadiums creates atmosphere, computer games, entertainment and celebrations at games
Examples of how governments use sport
-propangda- promote their ideas by presenting their country as strong
-to earn money through tourism and creating jobs
-social control and socialisation
-promote health
-social integration
What is culture
The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people
What is society
An organised group of people associated for some species purpose or with a shared common interest
What is socialisation
The way humans adjust to their culture, the process by which they become participating members of society
What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation
Primary-early years , primarily from family
Secondary-later years, friends and school
What is a social institution
A group of people who have come together for a common purpose
What is social differentiation
The differences between different groups of people which is often : race, age, class, gender, education
What is social stratification
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic like wealth
What are the consequences of social stratification
It perpetuates social inequalities and stereotyping as well as limiting social mobility
What is the difference between equality and equity
Equity is providing resources or opportunities based on an individuals needs and equality is providing the same resources or opportunities to everyone
What is the difference between overt and covert discrimination
Overt is visible discrimination and can be easily recognised and covert is hidden or subtle discriminatory actions
What is channeling
The encouragement of some BAME participants towards sport rather than academia
What is stacking
Disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain sports and certain positions in sport
What is centrality
How close a member is to the centre of the group’s interaction (how the majority ethnic group does the more important roles In a team/sport
What percentage of managers in English football are black
4.4.
