SAS

Question 1

Characteristics of popular recreation sports

Answer 1

Occasional,simple unwritten rules,physical force and not skill, violent, lower class, local

Question 2

How many stages of public schools are there

Answer 2

Three stages

Question 3

What is muscular Christianity

Answer 3

The combination of godliness and manliness,or the belief in having a strong and fit body to match a robust and healthy soul

Question 4

What is athleticism

Answer 4

The combination of physical endeavour with moral integrity

Question 5

What were Dr Arnold’s intentions

Answer 5

To change the public school system and introduce Christianity and sport. He used games as a vehicle for achieving social control

Question 6

What were public schools like before Thomas Arnold

Answer 6

-boy culture-brutality and fighting
-truancy
-trespassing
-poaching
-hierarchy of older students
-little adult supervision

Question 7

What are two examples of games made in public schools

Answer 7

Eton wall game, Winchester school rugby style game

Question 8

When was the FA set up

Answer 8

1863

Question 9

What happened when the public school boys went to university

Answer 9

Lots of different versions of games= the melting pot of ideas

Question 10

How were factory workers paid for playing sports

Answer 10

They were payed recompense (broken time payments )

Question 11

Negative effects of the industrial revolution on sport

Answer 11

-enclosures act so they couldn’t play on fields
-increased working hours so less leisure time
-RSPCA led to some sports disappearing
-lack of income
-police criminalised sports like bare knuckle boxing

Question 12

Positive effects of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 12

-new equipment could be built (lawnmowers)
-more transport due to railways
-towns became more literate (machine instructions)
-printing press introduced supporters and heroism
-more disposable income-middle class
-Saturday half day act

Question 13

Who was the philanthropist who improved working conditions and built a town for his workers

Answer 13

George cadbury

Question 14

Where did public school boys go after university

Answer 14

-church
-schools
-army
-industry owners
-diplomats
-politicians

Question 15

What are the concepts of amateurism

Answer 15

Manliness, physical endeavour, moral ingetrity, following rules

Question 16

Who were the original proffesionals

Answer 16

The Lower class who played for factory teams

Question 17

What led to the split of rugby union and rugby league

Answer 17

The divide in class- upper class believed there should be be no payments (amateurism)

Question 18

When was rugby proffesionalised

Answer 18

1995

Question 19

What were proffesionals referred to as in cricket

Answer 19

Players

Question 20

What was WC grace and how did he do this

Answer 20

A shamateur- testimonials, charged a large fee to go to Australia as captain, free alcohol, people turned a blind eye as he was a celebrity

Question 21

What is much wenlock and where is it

Answer 21

In Shropshire-birthplace of the modern Olympics

Question 22

What did William penny brookes do

Answer 22

Encouraged sport in schools and formed the olympics class

Question 23

When was the first wenlock games and what sports were played

Answer 23

1850- track an field events, football, cricket, cycling on penny farthings

Question 24

When was the first modern olympics games held

Answer 24

1896

Question 25

What are the principles of the games

Answer 25

FairPlay and sportsmanship, amateurism, friendship/ unity, education

Question 26

What led to proffesionalism

Answer 26

Shamateurism, the USA scholarship system, Soviet Union and Russia provided state funding of sports

Question 27

What is the lombardian ethic

Answer 27

Winning at all costs

Question 28

How did college sport develop the lombardian ethic

Answer 28

Huge stadiums creates atmosphere, computer games, entertainment and celebrations at games

Question 29

Examples of how governments use sport

Answer 29

-propangda- promote their ideas by presenting their country as strong -to earn money through tourism and creating jobs -social control and socialisation -promote health -social integration

Question 30

What is culture

Answer 30

The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people

Question 31

What is society

Answer 31

An organised group of people associated for some species purpose or with a shared common interest

Question 32

What is socialisation

Answer 32

The way humans adjust to their culture, the process by which they become participating members of society

Question 33

What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation

Answer 33

Primary-early years , primarily from family Secondary-later years, friends and school

Question 34

What is a social institution

Answer 34

A group of people who have come together for a common purpose

Question 35

What is social differentiation

Answer 35

The differences between different groups of people which is often : race, age, class, gender, education

Question 36

What is social stratification

Answer 36

A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic like wealth

Question 37

What are the consequences of social stratification

Answer 37

It perpetuates social inequalities and stereotyping as well as limiting social mobility

Question 38

What is the difference between equality and equity

Answer 38

Equity is providing resources or opportunities based on an individuals needs and equality is providing the same resources or opportunities to everyone

Question 39

What is the difference between overt and covert discrimination

Answer 39

Overt is visible discrimination and can be easily recognised and covert is hidden or subtle discriminatory actions

Question 40

What is channeling

Answer 40

The encouragement of some BAME participants towards sport rather than academia

Question 41

What is stacking

Answer 41

Disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain sports and certain positions in sport

Question 42

What is centrality

Answer 42

How close a member is to the centre of the group’s interaction (how the majority ethnic group does the more important roles In a team/sport

Question 43

What percentage of managers in English football are black

Answer 43

4.4.