Southern Africa II Flashcards
Cecil Rhoads
Business man, politician, conquistador
Business man: founder of De Beers in 1871
Politician: deputy commissioner of Bechuanaland from 1884, PM of Cape Colony from 1890-95
Conquistador: British South African Company - Rhodesia
Annexation Rhodesia (complicated)
1888: Protectorate of Rhodesia formed after signing a treaty w the matabele tribe (south of Zambezi; Zimbabwe)
1890: North Rhodesia, managed by BSAC (South of Zambezi; Zambia)
1904: Nyasaland (Malawi)
Consequences of annexation of Rhodesia
Transvaal, Portugal, Britain, Matabele
Transvaal: cut off from the sea and German SW Africa
Portugal: end of ‘costa to costa’ dream
Britain: beginning of ‘cape to cairo’
Matabele: native resistance after realising the inequality of the treaty in 1893
2nd Boer war
1899-1902
Cause: Boer animosity towards the British
Britain: initially 35,000 troops, would then bring half a mil
Boers: only 100,000 men in total, also more disorganised
Initial boer victories
More local knowledge/support
Battle of Spion Kop: massacre of british soldiers
Sympathy from other european powers
British victory
1900: Advancement into boer republics
OFS -> Orange River Colony
Transvaal -> Transvaal colony
Kruger to the Netherlands
Military innovations
Railway gun, barbed wire, warfare techniques
Guerilla warfare and British atrocities
Living hostages, concentration camps, executions
Civil unrest in Britain: Peace of Pretoria in 1902
Responsible government
1906: Transvaal
1907: Orange River Colony
Integrated into british system of settler colonies
Dominion status
1910: Union of South Africa, dominated by Boers
Independence
1931: Statute of Westminster
Apartheid
1948-1990
1910: beginning of racial legislation
Most politicians were boer: Voortrekker movement in 1930s Glorification of boer history: expansion of apartheid ideals
Hendrik Verwoed: PM from 1950-66 - apartheid proponent
Nelson Mandel: jailed from 1962-90
