North Africa II

Question 1

Morocco

Answer 1

Never Ottoman, had its own dynasty since the 17th c

Question 2

European interest in Morocco

Spain, Britain, France, Germany, Italy

Answer 2

Spain: longest presence, Ceuta since 1580
Britain: Gibraltar since 1704
France: border incidents w Algeria
Germany: doesnt wanna be left out
Italy: frustration after ethiopian defeat (adwa)

Question 3

European interference

Economic and political

Answer 3

Similar to egypt & tunisia
Economic dependence: treaties w france & britain (1856 & 63)
Political interference: Spain conquers Tetua & Melilla in 1859

Question 4

Conference of Madrid

Answer 4

1880
Equal trade opportunities for all
Maintenance of Moroccan sovereignty
But Western Sahara to Spain in 1884

Question 5

1st moroccan crisis: cause

Answer 5

Entente Cordiale (1904): french-british alliance disturbed germany
French attempt to form a protectorate

Question 6

1st Moroccan Crisis

Answer 6

1905-06
Attempt by Germany to stir shit up
Wilhelm II: visits Tangier & declares support for the Sultan - military threat

Question 7

Algeciras conference

Answer 7

1906
Britain supports france
French and spanish officers in morocco
Triple entente in 1907

Question 8

2nd Moroccan crisis: cause

Answer 8

1911: rebellion against the sultan
France intervenes and spain sees this as an opportunity for conquest

Question 9

2nd Moroccan crisis

Answer 9

1911-12
Spain: conquers Larache
Germany: intimidates w a gun boat in agadir

Question 10

Treaty of fez

Answer 10

1912: Abdication of the sultan

Question 11

2nd Moroccan crisis: results

Answer 11

French protectorate over morocco - pacification until 1934
Germany: receives Neukamerun (part of congo)
Spain: territory in north and south
Italy: Libya after war w ottomans