Southern Africa

Question 1

White settlement

Answer 1

Began in 1652 with the settlement of VOC agents
Initially a resupply point for ships: agriculture and a small economy

Question 2

Rise of Cape Colony

Expansion, wars, British

Answer 2

Farmers would migrate further north and east
End of 18th c: occupied most of the coast
Kafir wars: a series of conflicts w locals
National identity: afrikkaner/ boer
Became British in 1795-1802/05

Question 3

Groot trek

Answer 3

1835-37
Migration of over 12,000 boers to other parts of the country
1838: more bloody conflicts w the natives (battle of blood river)

Question 4

3 boer republics

Answer 4

Natal: immedietly annexed by the British (too strategic)
Transvaal: recognised in 1852
Orange Free State: 1854

Question 5

New Cape Colony

Responsible gov and wars

Answer 5

Became very british
Responsible government in 1872
New Kafir wars (9 in total)

Question 6

1st boer war

Answer 6

1880
Growing tensions: annexation of transvaal in 1877
Disraeli advocated for a canada style confederation
Boer victory under Paul Kruger and independence for Transvaal

Question 7

Adolf Franz Luderitz

Answer 7

German business man
1883: purchase of a bay from khoi people
Same year: treaty to form Luderitzland - expansion into interior

Question 8

Germans in SW africa

Answer 8

Berlin: promises to support Luderitz, Brits didnt care
Luderitzland: turned into german protectorate (German SW Africa/Namibia)

Question 9

Germans in SE Africa

Answer 9

German exploration in 1884
Brits prevented them from doing anything - too strategic

Question 10

Diamonds

Answer 10

1867: discovered in Cape Colony
Became one of the biggest diamond exporters

Question 11

Gold

Answer 11

1884: Witwatersrand (transvaal)
Would go on to supply 20% of the world’s gold
Gold rush: high immigration of foreign workers - werent granted rights by boers

Question 12

Effect of gold in transvaal

Answer 12

Initially powerful and homogenous since boer victory
Transformation of social fabric after discovery of gold

Question 13

German ambitions

Answer 13

Expansion in SW Africa: danger of a german-boer alliance - would cut cape colony from rest of africa

Question 14

British expansion of Cape Colony

Bechuanalands

Answer 14

Northward expansion
South Bechuanaland: crown colony, absorbed by cape colony in 1895
North Bechuanaland: British protectorate, independence in 1966 (Botswana)