South Asia

Question 1

Hinduism’s impact on caste system

Answer 1

Way to separate into social classes- based on hereditary and unchangeable status. Only Brahmins and those on the top of the caste can reach Moksha.

Question 2

hinduism’s impact on Jati

Answer 2

The caste system is divided into Jati. Determines occupation, clothes, friends, spouse, ect. Merchant Jati developed into guilds, with little slavery.

Question 3

Hinduism’s impact on gender

Answer 3

men controlled wealth, they were priests, warriors and tribal chiefs. Women were supposed to kill themselves if their spouse died before them, believed that they were going to be together in their next life.

Question 4

Hinduism’s core beliefs
Brahman

Answer 4

Like the palm. All individual souls bleed into this after reaching enlightenment or in death

Question 5

Hinduism’s Core Beliefs
Atman

Answer 5

Human soul, individual. it is about understanding things around us.

Question 6

Hinduism’s Core Beliefs
Samsara

Answer 6

The belief is that it takes thousands of lifetimes to get to the True Reality and to learn all of life’s lessons. Only Brahmins can reach Moksha. Strengthens the caste system.

Question 7

Dharmas

Answer 7

Individual’s duty to follow everything in Hinduism to a T, dedication to the varna (duty they have in a certain caste)

Question 8

Moksha

Answer 8

One with Brahman. It means to stop biases, judging and get rid of everything that is true and look at what is. It is very existential.

Question 9

Upanishads

Answer 9

In the Brahmin class. Understands what it means to be Hindu.

Question 10

Theravada Buddhism
Monks

Answer 10

Monks were dedicated to reaching nirvana, it was about balance in life, concept of a middle way and a path between two extremes. They were gifted items they needed by the community and couldn’t purchase anything themselves.

Question 11

Theravada Buddhism
Caste system

Answer 11

Rejects the caste system completely, one is on your own with the universe. Appealed to the lower castes as women were allowed and provided roles outside of the house.

Question 12

Theravada Buddhism
Merchants

Answer 12

Because committing to Buddhism was hard, they were unable to be merchants or purchase their own items. Merchants spread the idea of Buddhism but were probably not actively practicing. However, Mahayana Buddhism allowed people to strive toward enlightenment even if they couldn’t become monks which is the idea that was spoken among merchants.

Question 13

Theravada Buddhism
Four Noble Truths

Answer 13

Life is misery, misery is caused by desire, end desire in oneself= end misery in the world one person at a time. To end desire, follow the eightfold path.

Question 14

Theravada Buddhism
8 Fold path

Answer 14

Right view- True Reality; Right intention, free your mind of evil; Right Speech, say nothing that hurts others; Right action, work for the good of others; Right livelihood, respect life (key to hinduism); Right effort, resist evil; Right Concentration, practice meditation (key to hinduism), Right mindfulness, control your thoughts. Can be accomplished through various dharma-duties in buddhism

Question 15

Theravada Buddhism
Nirvana

Answer 15

gain this acceptance and pop out of existence. Reached once learning all of life’s lessons and being in the True Reality.

Question 16

Devotional Cults

Answer 16

For Shiva and Vishnu, Focus shifts to creating a closer relationship with god or more spiritualistic ideals.

Question 17

Bhakti Movement

Answer 17

Cult of love and devotion for god. It was to erase the distinction between Hinduism and god. Dancing, poetry, and drugs. No caste system. It was to bridge the gap between religions.

Question 18

Islam’s impact on the Caste system

Answer 18

Muslims are regarded as a very high caste. Locals convert to increase trade opportunities. Some would marry in to be wealthier while others converted. Appealed to the lower castes like Buddhism. Not real change social standing even when in whole communities

Question 19

Muslim Diasporic communities in South Asia

Answer 19

Became their own Jati as they were seen as a higher caste. Sufis again helped spread the idea of Islam and helped fill the loss of Buddhism with more individualized ideas.

Question 20

Muslim treatment of Hindus

Answer 20

treated as people of the book, staging a war wasn’t good for trade, the thing they mainly wanted. Although they were polytheistic and the Muslims were monotheistic which is entirely against Islam.

Question 21

Muslim Treatment of Buddhists

Answer 21

Buddhism was a huge threat to Hinduism. Went after buddhist temples and almost eradicated Buddhists as they were rich with gifts from the community

Question 22

Sultanate of Delhi (1206 - 1527)
Mamluks

Answer 22

Turkish, created a predominantly Muslim area. Had absolute power. Muslim officials are in control of provinces actively. Had Ulamas, quadis, enforce Sharia Law which was a HUGE CHANGE

Question 23

Sultanate of Delhi (1206 - 1527)
Administration

Answer 23

Officials were controlling the provinces actively and not just for trade. Actively had Ulamas, quadis.

Question 24

Sultanate of Delhi (1206 - 1527)
Legal Systems

Answer 24

Heavily enforced the Jizya tax on the Hindu’s to make a lot of money

Question 25

Sultanate of Delhi (1206 - 1527)
Treatment of Hindu

Answer 25

hindu’s were restricted from government offices, heavily forced by the Jizya tax, and temples were looted. They got rich off the amount of Hindus still remained.

Question 26

Vijayanagara Empire
Administration

Answer 26

Temples were the center of society, organized public worlds were orchestrated through the temple, as well as irrigation, clearing of new land, agriculture, and activities organized at large Hindi temples. Employed tax collectors and bankers, heavily guarded. Center of commerce, religions, business, and money, everything was in a community

Question 27

Vijayanagara Empire
Religious and Economic benefits

Answer 27

Didn’t adopt the caste system. King/Raja, who convert, and the rest of the kingdom had better trade. Adopted Sanskrit for those who became Hindu, converting was much more attractive to trade. Not asked to give up previous worship, but integrated with Hinduism

Question 28

Vijayanagara Empire
Interaction with Sultanate of Delhi

Answer 28

Not much interaction as there was a large plateau separating both sections of India.

Question 29

Commercial Technologies Increase Trade: Temples

Answer 29

In control of Irrigation, clearing land, agriculture activities, schooling, taxing, wealth, and community for Southern Asia. Promoted economic development through trade and guild giving land and money to the temple

Question 30

Commercial Technologies Increase Trade: Emporiums In Calcut

Answer 30

Where merchants could put their merchandise with a promise it would be kept safe. Officers kept watch of it. Because of the safe place to put their merchandise, Calcut became a major trade city in the indian ocean. abounding in pepper, ginger, and cinnamon.

Question 31

Commercial Technologies Increase Trade: Dhows

Answer 31

Ships with a lateen sail that increased a ships maneuverability

Question 32

Commercial Technologies Increase Trade: Compass

Answer 32

Allowed them to tell direction, furthering their travels along the Mediterranean sea

Question 33

Commercial Technologies Increase Trade: Astrolade

Answer 33

Enabled Mediterranean travelers to calculate latitude

Question 34

Monsoon Winds and Trade

Answer 34

Monsoon winders were used to speed up their travels. Winds blow steadily to india for six months and then switch to blow away. Use them to travel swiftly and easily, helping to made india a center for maritime trade

Question 35

India’s impact on the Islamic World

Answer 35

Science- setting bones, inoculation from smallpox, gravity, 9 planets, predicting eclipses
Math- algebra, geometry, concept of 0, decimals, negatives, Pi, Indian number system.
Chess- a cultural game

Question 36

Islamic World’s impact on India

Answer 36

Introduced paper, water wheel spinning wheel