Europe Flashcards
Judaism’s core beliefs
Abraham was the patriarch of the Jewish faith and got a call from god to spread the monotheistic faith. There were a set of 466 rules, much like the ten pillars of hinduism and core beliefs of Islam. Men conduct the patriarch.
Judaism’s Impact on Society
Gender
Men conducted the patriarch
Judaism’s Impact on Society
Literacy
Had to be highly literate to read the Torah. The Torah was hand written in Hebrew, read right to left.
Judaism’s Impact on society
Communities
Diaspora of Jews lived under the romans and was unable to worship false gods, so they stuck out because they refused to participate in ceremonies worshiping the Roman Emperor. There were diasporic communities in italy, egypt, ect, living in hiding.
Judaism’s impact on society
Jobs
Carried away as slaves after they rebelled against the Romans
Judaism’s impact on society
Persecution
Their taxes were raised because they didn’t participate in the worshiping of another false god, but they still refused. They rebelled, but their temples were destroyed, and they either had to flee or were carried away as slaves. Christians were intolerant to Jews.
Christianity’s core beliefs
Teaches a close and personal relationship with god. 10 Major commandments. Follows the idea that you can be saved and go to heaven as you repent or confess your sins. Centers on teachings in the Bible.
Christianity’s impact on society
Religious hierarchy
God, religious ruler/Pope, religious nobility (cardinal/advisors, Archbishops, bishops), Priests/Monks, believers. Pope was the conduit of God.
Christianity’s impact on society
Church power
Pope controls access to heaven. Being kicked out of the church is excommunication, meaning you are no longer a christian and will go to hell. Interdiction means everyone who lives under the lands of someone who gave it to them also gets excommunicated, meaning if a king where to get kicked out, so would his subjects.
Christianity’s impact on society
Literacy
had to be literate in Latin to read and copy the bible.
Christianity’s impact on society
Money/ Economy
Greed is a sin so they looked down on merchants. They were meant to give money to the church so they can help people who were less fortunate, so it’s illegal to be rich. Was seen as a reason to attack Jews because there were no ethical laws in judaism to make money for yourself.
Christianity’s impact on society
Sacraments
6/7 sacraments to get to heaven were to get baptized, confess your sins during first reconciliation, and eat christ’s body and blood during first communion, confirmation, get married or become part of the clergy/marry to god, Anointing of the sick and your last rites, which is to confess all your sins
Christianity’s impact on society
Gender
Nuns had the opportunity to get out of the patriarchy. Similar to filial piety. Women were not made in god’s images, so they had no authority, couldn’t teach, witness a crime, work in business, or judge people for their sins, just like Confucianism.
Christianity’s impact on society
Monks
Lived in monasteries like Buddhism, as well as nuns. Helped the poor. Work, pray, copy, study, ect.
Ideal Feudalism
Basis of Wealth
Fief-holding became the most important thing a lord could give to his vassals. King has the most amount of land. Vassals would pay taxes to their lords and the lords would pay taxes to the king.
Ideal Feudalism
Social Order
King has the most amount of power because they have the most amount of land. They give their land to Vassals in return for owed service to another. Vassals pay taxes as well as their troops. They swear their loyalty. Had to pay to their nonreligious lord, but also to the church.
Ideal Feudalism
Feudal pyramid
King-Bishop>Lord>Vassals>Knights-Priests>Serfs/Laborer
Feudalism in Reality
Very decentralized and a confusing web of vassals. Had absolute power of their lands except for the king who supersedes. Nobles enforce any laws on their own land.
The Crusades 1096-1204
Effects
Relearn about ancient greek and roman science. Math and Philosophy was reintroduced. It was to stabilize Christian borders. Al-andalus became a center of learning with a large library. Rushd’s commentaries on aristotle influenced Maimonides to influence Christian philosophers. Islamic scientific innovations, along with knowledge transferred from India and China, and led the groundwork for the Renaissance and scientific revolution in Europe.
The Crusades 1096-1204
Crusades
To recapture holy lands and stabilize christian borders. First was to temporarily have a Christian Kingdom in Jerusalem. Made a stand in constantinople and robbed their own people. Killed around 39,000 children on a crusade and damaged the Church’s image.
The Crusades 1096-1204
Impact of the crusades on Trade
Desire for trade increases, like sugar, and citrus fruits. Had a rebirth of trade as ideas exchange from East to West. Urbanization of cities are coming back to life. Diets change because of Islam agriculture, like alfalfa, citrus fruits from itally, as well as different types of wheat. Urbanization causes increased food growth and population, Artisans run the cities
The Crusades 1096-1204
Impact of the crusades on Trade
Desire for trade increases, like sugar, and citrus fruits. Had a rebirth of trade as ideas exchange from East to West. Urbanization of cities are coming back to life. Diets change because of Islam agriculture, like alfalfa, citrus fruits from itally, as well as different types of wheat. Urbanization causes increased food growth and population, Artisans run the cities
New Technology from Trade
Paper making from China. New naval tech, like astrolabe from Byzantine empire, compass from China, lateen sail from the Indian ocean. More crops lead to the iron plow, horseshoe, horse harness, and water mill.
New Ideas from Dar Al-islam
Islamic sceientif innovations, like astrolabe. Learned about Math and Science, arabic numerals, aristotle, algebra, geometry, ect.
