East Asia

Question 1

Meritocracy

Answer 1

People with certain skills and intelligence are of a higher power and standing in society rather than wealth and social class. To ensure smart and talented people where leading the government by going through an examination system to get the most qualified rulers

Question 2

Confucian Beliefs
Respect

Answer 2

Ancestors received the most respect, women showed respect to their husbands and fathers.

Question 3

Confucian Beliefs
Filial Piety

Answer 3

Those who are above you can do no wrong. Must obey your parents and ancestors to bring honor to your family

Question 4

Confucian Beliefs
Ancestor Veneration

Answer 4

Ancestors>Father>Wife(women were subordinate to men)>Children. To emphasize idea of respect for ancestors

Question 5

Confucian Beliefs
Patriarchy

Answer 5

Men were stronger and protectors. They were more important and made a functional society, can only own businesses and own land

Question 6

Daoism

Answer 6

Daoism was the idea about your own journey, much like Buddhism. Connecting with nature to achieve balance. There is zero order unlike confucianism, so it never became a ruling structure since there would be no law.

Question 7

Daoism and it’s impact on society

Answer 7

Impact on science was the creation of gunpowder, medicine was acupuncture, and art was the nature scenes, paintings, and poetry.

Question 8

Buddhisms Core Beliefs

Answer 8

To find the middle path, a balance between too much and too little. To end suffering is to end all desire in oneself in order to reach nirvana. To learn all of life’s lessons.

Question 9

Theravada Buddhism

Answer 9

Monks lived in monasteries and received food from followers or donators. Focused on meditation and reading from Buddhist texts. There were no gods or deities. It required one to go live in isolation which did not appeal to nobles who could not give up everything.

Question 10

Mahayana Buddhism

Answer 10

Less ascetic= middle way. Appealed to merchants, the wealthy, poor and women to escape the patriarchy. Reach nirvana by following sutras and donating money to build temples.

Question 11

Tibetan Buddhism

Answer 11

Asceticism is prominent. Monks lived in monasteries and an emphasis on a teacher (lama) student relationship, learning about the tantra (deeper understanding of the world gained through study). Ultimate teacher (dalai Lama). Deities not gods. Based on important principles. Lamas were Bodhisattvas

Question 12

Chan/Zen Buddhism

Answer 12

Salvation was about meditation and studying, meaning you don’t have to give up anything to be a buddhist which appealed to the wealthy.

Question 13

Pure Land Buddhism

Answer 13

personal salvation through Amitabha Buddha so no learning was required. It appealed to the poor since they didn’t have to pay for education. When you die, you go to the pure lands where attaining enlightenment is easier like a waiting room.

Question 14

Buddhisms Impact on Society in East Asia
Impact on Family

Answer 14

Scholars reach enlightenment through meditation and study. Education expands and spreads through temple schools and is how they bring their family honor and grace. Boys and girls leave family and join monasteries and is a threat to filial piety. Celibacy is a threat to ancestor veneration. Women can become nuns which is a threat to the patriarchy.

Question 15

Buddhisms Impact on Society in East Asia
Impact on the State

Answer 15

Wealthy give land to monasteries which means less taxes. Food production decreases as less people work.

Question 16

Neo-Confucianism
Foot Binding

Answer 16

Foot binding was used as a status symbol where women would break their feet into 3-5 inches. It was used to make sure women couldn’t run away

Question 17

Neo-confucianism
Extremes

Answer 17

Blamed Buddhism as a reason for the downfall of the Tang dynasty, so they hunted them down and sometimes killed them, causing them to go to Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Highly patriarchal, filial piety, and women were on the outskirts and behind men. If you have a disobedient child, a student, teacher, siblings, you can behead them in public.

Question 18

Neo-confucianism
Decline

Answer 18

Expensive lifestyle lead to their decline. Run by weak nobles and military. Song dynasty lose half their territory, so they declined from losing money, agriculture, their splitted military, and poor military.

Question 19

Chinas influence on Vietnam

Answer 19

Adopt the idea of Confucian education for leaders, examination system, top down pyramid structure for the bureaucracy. Accepts filial piety but rejects strong patriarchy of Confucianism. Also had a lot of agriculture influence since that was one of china’s standpoints. Confucian academies to educate vietnam’s bureaucrats, nobles, royals, and elders.

Question 20

Chinas influence on Japan

Answer 20

Adopts idea of confucian education, examination system, and bureaucracy. Accept filial piety, but rejects harsh confucian patriarchy. Women can have property, own business, get divorced. In chinese society, nobody was asked to give up their life, but Japan had samurai who would for their country. Parents are right 80-90% of the time while Chinese parents are right 100%. Adopt Chinese characters to their own spoken language.

Question 21

Chinas influence on Korea

Answer 21

Adopt Confucian education. Had a chinese character sistem, but Korean ruler later invented a writing system to replace the chinese characters in his country.

Question 22

Financial Improvement (Song Dynasty)

Answer 22

Equal field systems redistribution allows taxation of land based on need. Learnt how to smelt. Iron and steel production caused better tools. More specialized labor like traders, bridge builders. Trade expanded, specialized and expanded agriculture, meaning more need for money. Turned to copper coins, but changed it to flying cahs= letters of credit by bank similar to Sakks in islam

Question 23

Labor systems (song dynasty)

Answer 23

Peasant labor- affordable iron tools helped to increase production as more people were able to buy tools. This helped in the expansion of agriculture as well as cotton, blankets, clothes, tea. Active peasant labor because of the large population. Artisans where skilled workers.

Question 24

Artisan Production

Answer 24

Traded silk along the silk roads. Everybody wanted silk and porcelain, so it was heavily sought after and a sign of wealth. Guilds- groups of people- worked on a specific craft. Charge the most for silk and porcelain.

Question 25

New inventions (Song Dynasty)

Answer 25

Steal and iron tools, gunpowder, maritime technology (astrolabe, compass, chinese Junks). Pagodas, made out of steel and iron, art of filial piety and nature with buddhist and daoist influence.

Question 26

Canals and Maritime Technology

Answer 26

Astrolabe, compass, Chinese Junks. Rebuilding the Grand Canal helped strengthen trade between northern and southern China. Grand Canal traders used stock companies to raise money with less risk.

Question 27

Increased Agriculture

Answer 27

Equal field system helped redistribute to allow taxation of more land based on need= more output. Agriculture becomes a cornerstone of Chinese society. Cultivate smaller crops for sale, like sugar, lychees, oranges to get good prices up north.

Question 28

Steel and Iron production

Answer 28

Better tools like plows, more construction projects (bridges and pagodas), weaponry (crossbows, gunpowder, swords). Affordable iron tools increased production as more people were able to buy tools to help the expansion of agriculture

Question 29

Items for export

Answer 29

Light, luxury commodities were traded over the silk road like silk and porcelain. Cotton, blankets, clothes, tea, lychees,