Islamic World Flashcards
View of Jew’s and Christians and their similarities to Islam
God is equal to Allah. New Testament in Christianity and Torah in Judaism are similar to the hadith. Are people of the book, but are not on the same level of heirarchy.
Seal of the Phrophets
Muhammad is the last prophet of God
Hijrah
Expansion of faith. Beginning of the Muslim calendar
Hadith, Qur’an and Sunna
The traditions of the prophets, sunnah, or customs. The lifestyle of the prophet Muhammad
Place of Worship
Madrasas
Founder of Islam, occupation, and story of how he received revelation
Muhammad
Camel merchant
Qur’an revealed the word of God to Muhammad
Islam’s impact on society
Five pillars
Morals and core beliefs of the Islamic people. The profession of faith, the commitment of faith, hajj (pilgrimage, one’s journey through life), charity, and fasting during Ramadan.
Islam’s impact on women
Must remain modest. cannot leave the house without male family members. Can’t worship with men, cannot be killed, and men can have up to four wives.
Islam’s impact on treatment of Dhimmi
Live in millet communities and are allowed to practice their own religion and follow their laws, but must pay the jizya tax and cannot spread the faith. are not treated like the people of the book.
Islam’s impact on education
Madrasas were Islamic. Ulama engaged in advancing law, phycology, art, and science. Promote education, must-read Qur’an, math, and science.
Islamic impacts on law
Law was created with the help of the Ulama, the Islam’s with religious knowledge
Islam’s impact on language
Arabic, some Hebrew. Arabic is the sacred language of islam
Islam’s impact on art
Sufis, dance, poetry. It is a sin to portray Muslims in art, so they use calligraphy
Islamic impact on trade
Muhammad was a merchant and influenced a large amount of trade.
Abbasid Administration
Structure of Government
Emirs as governors/ bureaucracies to control provinces. Mamluks as a slave army, with a Caliph
Abbasid Administration
Legal system
Ulama were people with religious knowledge and qadis were judges. Enforce Islamic values and maintain the control of the people. Mercenaries come in when they need more help.
Abbasid Administration
Use of Islam to support ruler
Make sure that Muslim enforced values and morals of the Caliph
Abbasid Administration
Decline
When Emirs used the idea that they were Muhammad’s daughters decendants to surpass that of the Caliph, losing control of the people.
- Seljuk Empire
Mamluks take control of the Caliph. They continue islamic rule and traditions like the tax. Christianity and Judaism decline over time because they are unable to pay the taxes.
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
Islam previously spread to North Africa through conquest. Mamluks assume power after the Abbasids - use strong military to expand to Syria to Egypt. Turks aren’t as ferocious as they once were, so they decline fast
- Ottoman Empire
Weak man of Europe. Took it easy, but slowly started losing it. Osman takes advantage of the wreckage happening with the Mongols. Changed churches to mosques.
Traditions continued from Abbasids to the new Mamluk states
Trade, jizya, sharia. Limited conversions, however, because they cared about the religious side of the government rather than the people because it made good money.
Cultural inovations
House of wisdom, math, and science, poetry
Library where they store all the ideas and artifacts of their faith. Geometry, anatomy, astronomical calendar. Helps to create an individualized relationship with god.
Cultural Transfers
Math, medicine, paper, philosophy.
Algebra, trigonometry, Arabic numerals. Anatomy. Maps. Greek Philosophy
Effects of New Islamic Trade Cities Growing
Can spread the idea of Islam to more people. Make more money from merchants across different parts of the east and west.
Sakks
Letters of credit for people who have taken out a loan
Banks
Used to take out loans of money and create trust between the bank and individual. Allowed merchants to not have to carry around a lot of money that could be stolen.
Caravanserai
Hotel ins where merchants and other wealthy travelers were able to rest and trade in the desert. Heavily guarded buildings so there would be no theft. Trusted establishments.
Military expansion and their affects
Use of military expansion helped to build trade routes and spread Islam
Merchant spread of Islam
Through trading with foreign people, they attempted to make them convert. Helped build the economy for a lot more peopel.
Missionaries and Sufis
Sufis helped spread their own individualized versions of their relationships with God. More artistic, like dancing, poems, and yoga. Missionaries were sent to keep control over others and to convert as many as possible when some weren’t following the words of the Qur’an.
Crops diffused my Muslims
Cotton- help make clothes
Citrus fruits- helped to stop scurvy, limes, and oranges.
Sugar cane- similar to sorghum which was important at the time.
Decline of Abbasids
Emirs develop into inherited instead of appointed posts. Emirs gain power over time and break away. Turkish started to control the government as the caliphs grant them power. The Caliphs become figureheads and fell into the control of the Seljuk Turks. The Turks invaded the byzantine empire previously, created after the fall of the eastern roman empire in Constantinople. Civil war breaks out between the sons and caliphs which damaged Caliph’s authority, and peasants rebelled. There was no clear succession plan.
Turkish Empires and THE CHANGES IT BROUGHT
Seljuks continued Islamic rules and treatment of conquered people. Continued the Jizya, trade, and shari’a. Limited conversion attempts. Keep up the tax because it is a good money maker. Don’t force yourself to convert because they want more money. They only care about the religious part of the government, not the people. This results in Christianity and Judaism declining over time as most people cannot afford the tax. Ottomans replace Seljuks after the Mongols leave.
The effects of Islam against Christianity and Judaism
Declined because they are unable to pay the taxes enforced from the Seljuk empires. In the ottoman empire, they changed churches to mosques
