Islamic World Flashcards
View of Jew’s and Christians and their similarities to Islam
God is equal to Allah. New Testament in Christianity and Torah in Judaism are similar to the hadith. Are people of the book, but are not on the same level of heirarchy.
Seal of the Phrophets
Muhammad is the last prophet of God
Hijrah
Expansion of faith. Beginning of the Muslim calendar
Hadith, Qur’an and Sunna
The traditions of the prophets, sunnah, or customs. The lifestyle of the prophet Muhammad
Place of Worship
Madrasas
Founder of Islam, occupation, and story of how he received revelation
Muhammad
Camel merchant
Qur’an revealed the word of God to Muhammad
Islam’s impact on society
Five pillars
Morals and core beliefs of the Islamic people. The profession of faith, the commitment of faith, hajj (pilgrimage, one’s journey through life), charity, and fasting during Ramadan.
Islam’s impact on women
Must remain modest. cannot leave the house without male family members. Can’t worship with men, cannot be killed, and men can have up to four wives.
Islam’s impact on treatment of Dhimmi
Live in millet communities and are allowed to practice their own religion and follow their laws, but must pay the jizya tax and cannot spread the faith. are not treated like the people of the book.
Islam’s impact on education
Madrasas were Islamic. Ulama engaged in advancing law, phycology, art, and science. Promote education, must-read Qur’an, math, and science.
Islamic impacts on law
Law was created with the help of the Ulama, the Islam’s with religious knowledge
Islam’s impact on language
Arabic, some Hebrew. Arabic is the sacred language of islam
Islam’s impact on art
Sufis, dance, poetry. It is a sin to portray Muslims in art, so they use calligraphy
Islamic impact on trade
Muhammad was a merchant and influenced a large amount of trade.
Abbasid Administration
Structure of Government
Emirs as governors/ bureaucracies to control provinces. Mamluks as a slave army, with a Caliph
Abbasid Administration
Legal system
Ulama were people with religious knowledge and qadis were judges. Enforce Islamic values and maintain the control of the people. Mercenaries come in when they need more help.
Abbasid Administration
Use of Islam to support ruler
Make sure that Muslim enforced values and morals of the Caliph
Abbasid Administration
Decline
When Emirs used the idea that they were Muhammad’s daughters decendants to surpass that of the Caliph, losing control of the people.
- Seljuk Empire
Mamluks take control of the Caliph. They continue islamic rule and traditions like the tax. Christianity and Judaism decline over time because they are unable to pay the taxes.
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
Islam previously spread to North Africa through conquest. Mamluks assume power after the Abbasids - use strong military to expand to Syria to Egypt. Turks aren’t as ferocious as they once were, so they decline fast
- Ottoman Empire
Weak man of Europe. Took it easy, but slowly started losing it. Osman takes advantage of the wreckage happening with the Mongols. Changed churches to mosques.
Traditions continued from Abbasids to the new Mamluk states
Trade, jizya, sharia. Limited conversions, however, because they cared about the religious side of the government rather than the people because it made good money.
Cultural inovations
House of wisdom, math, and science, poetry
Library where they store all the ideas and artifacts of their faith. Geometry, anatomy, astronomical calendar. Helps to create an individualized relationship with god.
Cultural Transfers
Math, medicine, paper, philosophy.
Algebra, trigonometry, Arabic numerals. Anatomy. Maps. Greek Philosophy