Islamic World

Question 1

View of Jew’s and Christians and their similarities to Islam

Answer 1

God is equal to Allah. New Testament in Christianity and Torah in Judaism are similar to the hadith. Are people of the book, but are not on the same level of heirarchy.

Question 2

Seal of the Phrophets

Answer 2

Muhammad is the last prophet of God

Question 3

Hijrah

Answer 3

Expansion of faith. Beginning of the Muslim calendar

Question 4

Hadith, Qur’an and Sunna

Answer 4

The traditions of the prophets, sunnah, or customs. The lifestyle of the prophet Muhammad

Question 5

Place of Worship

Answer 5

Madrasas

Question 6

Founder of Islam, occupation, and story of how he received revelation

Answer 6

Muhammad
Camel merchant
Qur’an revealed the word of God to Muhammad

Question 7

Islam’s impact on society
Five pillars

Answer 7

Morals and core beliefs of the Islamic people. The profession of faith, the commitment of faith, hajj (pilgrimage, one’s journey through life), charity, and fasting during Ramadan.

Question 8

Islam’s impact on women

Answer 8

Must remain modest. cannot leave the house without male family members. Can’t worship with men, cannot be killed, and men can have up to four wives.

Question 9

Islam’s impact on treatment of Dhimmi

Answer 9

Live in millet communities and are allowed to practice their own religion and follow their laws, but must pay the jizya tax and cannot spread the faith. are not treated like the people of the book.

Question 10

Islam’s impact on education

Answer 10

Madrasas were Islamic. Ulama engaged in advancing law, phycology, art, and science. Promote education, must-read Qur’an, math, and science.

Question 11

Islamic impacts on law

Answer 11

Law was created with the help of the Ulama, the Islam’s with religious knowledge

Question 12

Islam’s impact on language

Answer 12

Arabic, some Hebrew. Arabic is the sacred language of islam

Question 13

Islam’s impact on art

Answer 13

Sufis, dance, poetry. It is a sin to portray Muslims in art, so they use calligraphy

Question 14

Islamic impact on trade

Answer 14

Muhammad was a merchant and influenced a large amount of trade.

Question 15

Abbasid Administration
Structure of Government

Answer 15

Emirs as governors/ bureaucracies to control provinces. Mamluks as a slave army, with a Caliph

Question 16

Abbasid Administration
Legal system

Answer 16

Ulama were people with religious knowledge and qadis were judges. Enforce Islamic values and maintain the control of the people. Mercenaries come in when they need more help.

Question 17

Abbasid Administration
Use of Islam to support ruler

Answer 17

Make sure that Muslim enforced values and morals of the Caliph

Question 18

Abbasid Administration
Decline

Answer 18

When Emirs used the idea that they were Muhammad’s daughters decendants to surpass that of the Caliph, losing control of the people.

Question 19

1. Seljuk Empire

Answer 19

Mamluks take control of the Caliph. They continue islamic rule and traditions like the tax. Christianity and Judaism decline over time because they are unable to pay the taxes.

Question 20

2. Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

Answer 20

Islam previously spread to North Africa through conquest. Mamluks assume power after the Abbasids - use strong military to expand to Syria to Egypt. Turks aren’t as ferocious as they once were, so they decline fast

Question 21

3. Ottoman Empire

Answer 21

Weak man of Europe. Took it easy, but slowly started losing it. Osman takes advantage of the wreckage happening with the Mongols. Changed churches to mosques.

Question 22

Traditions continued from Abbasids to the new Mamluk states

Answer 22

Trade, jizya, sharia. Limited conversions, however, because they cared about the religious side of the government rather than the people because it made good money.

Question 23

Cultural inovations

Answer 23

House of wisdom, math, and science, poetry

Library where they store all the ideas and artifacts of their faith. Geometry, anatomy, astronomical calendar. Helps to create an individualized relationship with god.

Question 24

Cultural Transfers

Answer 24

Math, medicine, paper, philosophy.

Algebra, trigonometry, Arabic numerals. Anatomy. Maps. Greek Philosophy

Question 25

Effects of New Islamic Trade Cities Growing

Answer 25

Can spread the idea of Islam to more people. Make more money from merchants across different parts of the east and west.

Question 26

Sakks

Answer 26

Letters of credit for people who have taken out a loan

Question 27

Banks

Answer 27

Used to take out loans of money and create trust between the bank and individual. Allowed merchants to not have to carry around a lot of money that could be stolen.

Question 28

Caravanserai

Answer 28

Hotel ins where merchants and other wealthy travelers were able to rest and trade in the desert. Heavily guarded buildings so there would be no theft. Trusted establishments.

Question 29

Military expansion and their affects

Answer 29

Use of military expansion helped to build trade routes and spread Islam

Question 30

Merchant spread of Islam

Answer 30

Through trading with foreign people, they attempted to make them convert. Helped build the economy for a lot more peopel.

Question 31

Missionaries and Sufis

Answer 31

Sufis helped spread their own individualized versions of their relationships with God. More artistic, like dancing, poems, and yoga. Missionaries were sent to keep control over others and to convert as many as possible when some weren’t following the words of the Qur’an.

Question 32

Crops diffused my Muslims

Answer 32

Cotton- help make clothes
Citrus fruits- helped to stop scurvy, limes, and oranges.
Sugar cane- similar to sorghum which was important at the time.

Question 33

Decline of Abbasids

Answer 33

Emirs develop into inherited instead of appointed posts. Emirs gain power over time and break away. Turkish started to control the government as the caliphs grant them power. The Caliphs become figureheads and fell into the control of the Seljuk Turks. The Turks invaded the byzantine empire previously, created after the fall of the eastern roman empire in Constantinople. Civil war breaks out between the sons and caliphs which damaged Caliph’s authority, and peasants rebelled. There was no clear succession plan.

Question 34

Turkish Empires and THE CHANGES IT BROUGHT

Answer 34

Seljuks continued Islamic rules and treatment of conquered people. Continued the Jizya, trade, and shari’a. Limited conversion attempts. Keep up the tax because it is a good money maker. Don’t force yourself to convert because they want more money. They only care about the religious part of the government, not the people. This results in Christianity and Judaism declining over time as most people cannot afford the tax. Ottomans replace Seljuks after the Mongols leave.

Question 35

The effects of Islam against Christianity and Judaism

Answer 35

Declined because they are unable to pay the taxes enforced from the Seljuk empires. In the ottoman empire, they changed churches to mosques