Mongols and the Ming

Question 1

Rise of Ghengis Khan

Answer 1

Genghis Khan allied with many different clans. Brought all mongol tribes into a single confederation. Talented in bow and arrows on horses. Lots of benefits to join Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan conquered the Jin dynasty and part of persia. Created the Great Laws, no stealing women or animals, no murdering other mongols, Khans must be elected.

Question 2

The Golden Horde
Russia Before Mongols

Answer 2

Local Princes control regions (feudalism)

Question 3

The golden Horde
Mongol Administration

Answer 3

Weren’t interested in ruling. Appointed one prince to collect taxes from the rest. Sent their money to kiev and moscow. Prince of Moscow become the most powerful prince and led a rebellion against them. They succeed because the mongols were lazy.

Question 4

The golden Horde
Centralization of Russia

Answer 4

Kiev and Moscow

Question 5

Ilkhanate Of Persia
Persia Before the Mongols

Answer 5

Came after the Seljuks sultanate. Lots of islam, caliphs, abbasids, then the seljuks, then the ottomans. Sharia law. People who knew these laws where the ulamas and judges were quadis. Had military, jizya tax for people who weren’t people of the book.

Question 6

Ilkhanate of Persia
Mongol Administration

Answer 6

Converted to islam to get islamic people on their side and to gain legitimacy to have more control. Return of islamic imorant after Ilkhan Ghazam, persecutuion of christiands and jews. Let locals rule= lack of administration experience.

Question 7

Ilkhanate of Persia
Economy

Answer 7

Took taxes from trade and land. Introduced paper money from China. Persian merchants refused to use it as the preferred to use coinage and bartering.

Question 8

Ilkhanate of Persia
Decline

Answer 8

Economy and internal struggles over succession. Mongols had no clear version of how to get the next ruler. Not a change, multiple wives, concubines, same problem that made the Abbasids, Seljuks, mamluks, and ottomans decline.

Question 9

Yuan Dynasty
China Before Mongols

Answer 9

Heavily confucianist, filial piety

Question 10

Yuan Dynasty
Mongol Administration

Answer 10

Outlawed marriage of mongols and chinese. Didn’t like the chinese culture and tried to be administrators, but were unsuccessful because they were warriors not politicians.

Question 11

Yuan Dynasty
Mongol Interaction with the Chinese

Answer 11

Did not try to assimilate to Chinese culture. They hated their reliance to agriculture, chinese language, and outlawed marriage between mongols and Chinese. Forbade Mongol language from being used by the chinese.

Question 12

Collapse of the Yuan Dynasty
Administration weakens

Answer 12

Mongols appointed Foreign officials, so because of their excessive spending, they were ignorant of the corrupt foreign officials. Economy weakens as there is not enough gold, and loss of crops due to the yellow river flooding constantly

Question 13

Collapse of the Yuan Dynasty
Failed invasions

Answer 13

Peasant rebellions, the red turban revoltes. Mongols appear weak after failed invasions of Japan, so the peasants and nobles take to rebellion against the Mongols. They just leave, not caring enough to fight back.

Question 14

Collapse of the Yuan Dynasty
Internal Discontent

Answer 14

Confucian scholars fuel discontent for the Mongols. It wasn’t like the Chinese lifestyle they lived previously.

Question 15

Yuan Economy
Increased trade

Answer 15

Protection of Silk Road which caused trade to increase. Pax Mongolia kept them safe while they were traveling, giving merchants a passport that gives them a safe path.

Question 16

Yuan Economy
Increased production

Answer 16

Demands for Chinese silk, iron, and steal increase

Question 17

Yuan Economy
Forms of Credit

Answer 17

Coinage, coins on a string. Also continued practice of using paper money

Question 18

Cultural Transfers
Languages

Answer 18

Many different languages spread because of people like marco polo. Mongolian, arabic. Mongols didn’t allow chinese to learn mongolian.

Question 19

Cultural transfers
Arabic numerals

Answer 19

Spreads from Islam. Helps spread these numerals the Europe where they advanced mathematics.

Question 20

Technological transfers
Gunpowder

Answer 20

Used in weapons, came from the Chinese

Question 21

Technological transfers

Answer 21

Introduced paper money. Increased number of paper money in China.

Question 22

Urbanization on the Silk Roads

Answer 22

Pax mongolia helped to keep peace of the mongols and to make sure people were safe without issue. Kashgar became a metropolis during Genghis Khan’s administration.

Question 23

Marco Polo

Answer 23

Had detailed chronicles of his experiences traveling across the silk roads for 24 years. Carried home Mongolian clothing, rubies, gems, ect. He became Genghis Khan’s ambassador. It gave Europe their first insight on Eastern civilizations.

Question 24

Crops diffused on the Silk Roads

Answer 24

Alfalfa goes to China; Cotton spreads from Islam, Citrus fruits and rice come from China.

Question 25

Spread of the Plague

Answer 25

Caused urban decay, meaning people separate and isolate themselves.

Question 26

Ming Administration

Answer 26

Established Chinese control. Restored millions of acres of cultivation and planted 1 billion trees. Re-established Traditional China, like the confucian civil servant system (mandarins). Expelled foreign government officials and religious leaders.

Question 27

Ming Treatment of Minorities

Answer 27

Expelled all foreign rulers. Destroyed Mosques and Churches and was not tolerant of other religions being practiced in worshiping places.

Question 28

Ming Treasure Fleets
Zheng He

Answer 28

Muslim Eunich admiral was sent to the treasure fleets to see what else was out there and what to bring back other gifts.

Question 29

Ming Treasure Fleets
Goals

Answer 29

To see what else is out there. Obtain new items

Question 30

Ming treasure fleets
locations reached

Answer 30

Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Asia and Africa

Question 31

Ming Treasure Fleets
Impact on Indian ocean

Answer 31

Opened trade to gain tribute. Spread Chinese luxury goods, like paper and compasses.

Question 32

Ming Treasure Fleets
End of the Treasure Fleets

Answer 32

Focused more on northern frontier since the world had nothing to offer China.