sources of self-efficacy Flashcards
what are the sources of self-efficacy?
performance accomplishments
vicarious experiences
verbal persuasion
emotional arousal
imaginal experiences
physiological states
What are performance accomplishments ?
the most dependable source of information for self-efficacy
based on mastery experiences - previous experiences where you have been good at a skill
effectiveness depends on perceived difficulty of the task, amount of guidance, patterns of success and failure
what is the relationship between performance accomplishments and self-efficacy?
positive and reciprocal relationship
what are vicarious experiences?
demonstrating or modelling - watching someone else perform the task
helps to learn new skills and important when observers have never performed the task
what are the practical implications of performance accomplishments?
breaking down the task
having achievable and realistic goals
positive reinforcement and feedback
what are the 4 modelling processes used in vicarious experiences?
attention- paying attention
retention- mental practice
motor reproduction- physical practice and imagery
motivation
what are the practical implications of vicarious experiences?
how does observing work?
if the model is too elite it might not be helpful
gives info about the sequence of actions required for success
better effect on self-efficacy when the model is competitive
how does the type of model affect self-efficacy?
the more similar the model can be a stronger source of self-efficacy
what is verbal persuasion?
techniques including evaluative feedback, expectations by others and self-talk
can increase enjoyment, reduce effort and enhance affect
not as strong as performance accomplishments and vicarious experiences
its difficult to instill strong self-efficacy beliefs through persuasion alone
what types of self-talk methods are used in verbal persuasion?
positive motivational enhancing self-efficacy - statements related to confidence building and positive attitude
instructional
negative
how do physiological states affect self-efficacy?
the perceptions people have over their physiological state
when states are associated with poor performance and perceived failure this leads to lowered self-efficacy and v-v
its not the intensity of the physiological state but the interpretation that is important
how do imaginal experiences affect self-efficacy?
imagining yourself or others behaving effectively or ineffectively in situations either leads to higher or lower self-efficacy
can be argued if vivid enough can be a form of performance accomplishment
useful if the behaviour hasn’t been performed previously
how do emotional states affect self-efficacy?
when emotions and mood are associated with poor performance, incompetence and perceived failure this leads to lowered self-efficacy
if emotional states are perceived as facilitative this leads to enhanced self-efficacy
how many sources of self-efficacy are there?
6 which can be used in isolation or in conjunction with each other
how do SE and SC tend to be assessed?
using questionnaires
