Mental imagery

Question 1

what is imagery?

Answer 1

an experience that mimics a real experience

Question 2

what is mental practice?

Answer 2

cognitive rehearsal of a task prior to performance

Question 3

what is mental rehearsal?

Answer 3

cognitive rehearsal of a task in the absence of overt physical movement

Question 4

what are the 2 types of visual imagery?

Answer 4

internal visual imagery perspective
external visual imagery perspective

Question 5

what is internal visual imagery?

Answer 5

1st person perspective, viewing the scenario through your own eyes

Question 6

what is external visual imagery?

Answer 6

3rd person perspective, viewing yourself from someone else’s perspective

Question 7

what is kinesthetic imagery?

Answer 7

feelings and sensations associated with the image

Question 8

what are the functions of imagery?

Answer 8

• learn and improve skills and techniques
• learn and develop plans and strategies
• enhance motivation
• modify cognitions
• manage emotions

Question 9

what is Paivio’s 2 x 2 framework?

Answer 9

cognitive specific
motivational specific
cognitive general
motivational general - arousal and mastery

Question 10

what is cognitive specific framework?

Answer 10

CS is imagery to learn/improve/ maintain performance of specific skills or movements

Question 11

what is cognitive general framwork?

Answer 11

CG is imagery to develop/learn / remember strategies and set plays

Question 12

what is motivation specific framework?

Answer 12

MS is imagery to motivate and increase effort levels eg. to win a competition

Question 13

what is motivational general arousal?

Answer 13

MG-A is imagery to regulate arousal, anxiety and emotions eg. psych up before competition

Question 14

what is motivational general mastery?

Answer 14

MG-M is imagery to regulate thoughts and cognitions eg. stay focused

Question 15

what is imagery ability?

Answer 15

an individuals capability to form vivid, controllable images and retain them for sufficient time to effect the desired imagery rehearsal

Question 16

how do you improve imagery ability?

Answer 16

behavioural matching
training exercises
observation and demonstrating

Question 17

how do you measure imagery ability?

Answer 17

self-report data
behavioural computer-based data
chronometric data (clock)
physiological data
neural data (brain)

Question 18

what is PETTLEP imagery?

Answer 18

P- physical - making the imagery experience match the physical experience as much as possible
E- environment- where is the imagery performed?
T- task- imaged situation
T- timing - imaged running time vs actual
L- learning- content of imagery should be reviewed and revised
E- emotion- imaging inappropriate emotions may have a debilitating effect on performance
P- perspective- athletes perspective depend upon the task being imaged

incorporating the 7 elements can increase imagery ability

Question 19

what are the 3 main outcomes of imagery?

Answer 19

• facilitating the learning and performance of skills and strategies
• modifying cognitions
• regulating arousal and competitive anxiety