SOurces of energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the types of energy

A

thermal, chemical, electrical, light, pressure, nuclear

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

an ingredient of the universe

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3
Q

What are the three ingredients of the universe?

A

Matter, energy and intelligence

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4
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed from one form to another.

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5
Q

When is energy needed?

A

to accomplish any task

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6
Q

What is visible matter?

A

Constitutes all the mass (stars) that are directly visible including all planet sized objects and even smaller. Visible means objects that emit light. Mass considered are the elements of the periodic table.

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7
Q

What is dark matter?

A

Constitutes mass that is not described by the periodic table

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8
Q

Where is energy found?

A

Electromagnetic radiation(light and heat), Cosmic Microwave Background, kinetic energy, gravity, dark energy

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9
Q

What is electromagentic radiation?

A

Waves of massless energy that penetrate every pat of outer space.

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10
Q

What is Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)?

A

Energy left over from the big bang that keeps space warm

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11
Q

Who discovered CMB?

A

American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson after starting their work in 1940s and ending in 1964. It earned them the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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12
Q

How did Penzias and Wilson discover CMB

A

In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson at the Crawford Hill location of Bell Telephone Laboratories in nearby Holmdel Township, New Jersey had built a Dicke radiometer that they intended to use for radio astronomy and satellite communication experiments. On 20 May 1964 they made their first measurement clearly showing the presence of the microwave background with their instrument having an excess 4.2K antenna temperature which they could not account for. After receiving a telephone call from Crawford Hill, Dicke said “Boys, we’ve been scooped.” A meeting between the Princeton and Crawford Hill groups determined that the antenna temperature was indeed due to the microwave background. Penzias and Wilson received the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery.

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13
Q

Where is kinetic energy found in the universe?

A

In the motion of all the galaxies as they rotate and rush away from each each other in our expaning universe.

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14
Q

What is gravity?

A

A natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another, including planets, stars and galaxies, and other physical objects.

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15
Q

How is gravity a form of energy?

A

The attraction between objects like stars and planets takes energy

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16
Q

How was dark energy discovered?

A

In the 1990s, two independent teams of astrophysicists turned their eyes to distant supernovae to calculate the deceleration of the universe seen by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s. To their surprise, they found that the expansion of the universe wasn’t slowing down, it was speeding up! Something must be counteracting gravity, something which the scientists dubbed “dark energy.”
Calculating the energy needed to overcome gravity, scientists determined that dark energy makes up roughly 68 percent of the universe. Dark matter makes up another 27 percent, leaving the “visible” matter that we are familiar with to make up less than 5 percent of the cosmos around us.

17
Q

What is “fusion” or “nuclear fusion?”

A

A reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).

18
Q

How does the sun use fusion to produce energy?

A

The prime energy producer in the Sun, and similar size stars, is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium (the proton-proton chain reaction), which occurs at a very high temperature of 14 million kelvin.
The sun’s internal gravitational attraction causes the continuous fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms.

19
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

A type of energy that is commonly known as light which is emitted from the nuclear fusion reaction in the Sun.

20
Q

What are photons?

A

Electrically charged particle of electromagnetic radiation. Tiny lumps of light. Also known as quanta the plural of which is quantum.

21
Q

What are the “visible spectrum” colors?

A

Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet or ROYGBIV

22
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between two crests or troughs

23
Q

What is a wave?

A

A wave is series troughs and crests

24
Q

What are the types of elecromagnetic radiation?

A

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma Rays

25
Q

What speed do all waves travel?

A

They travel at the speed of light

26
Q

What is dual nature?

A

some thing having both the properties of both a wave and a particle

27
Q

Who discovered that light came in tiny lumps called photons?

A

Albert Einstein in 1905

28
Q

What is another name for photons that physicists use?

A

Quanta. Plural is quantum

29
Q

What is the smallest piece of energy?

A

one quantum

30
Q

What does quantized mean?

A

Little lumps of energy called quanta

31
Q

What is is the metric measurement we use when measuring light?

A

The nanometer- one billionth of a meter

32
Q

What are the ranges of wavelength for the visible spectrum?

A

700 nanometers(nm) to 400 nanometers(nm)

33
Q

Complete this sentence: As the energy gets greater/higher, the wavelength gets ______

A

shorter

34
Q

Complete this sentence: As the energy gets smaller/lower, the wavelength gets ______

A

longer

35
Q

Complete this sentence: As the wavelength gets smaller/shorter, the energy gets ______

A

higher/greater

36
Q

Complete this sentence: As the wavelength gets larger/longer, the energy gets ______

A

lower/lesser

37
Q

How does a photovoltaic cell work?

A

The semiconductor material in the solar(photovolatic) cell capture the Sun’s energy- in the form of electromagnetic energy in the visible spectrum- and convert it to electrical energy. It is then stored in a battery for use.

38
Q

Why is shorter wavelength electromagnetic radiation more harmful to humans than longer wavelength radiation?

A

Because it has more energy and can damage human cells.

39
Q

Who is a badass?

A

Felipe Quintana, that’s who!