Properties of Substance Flashcards
What is a term that helps describe substances
Physical Properties
What one physical property that describes resistance to scratching
Hardness
What is a physical property that describes how easy something is to break
Brittleness
What are physical properties describing the opposite the opposite of Brittleness (How stretchy)
Malleability and Ductility
What are two physical properties that describe the resistance to breaking
Elasticity and Strength
What is the difference between malleability
Elasticity is the ability to stretch and snap back to its original shape
What is the Physical Property describing how stretchy something is
Tensile Strength
What is the Physical Property that describes how strong something is under pressure
Comprehensive Strength
What is a physical property that describes how electrically conductive something is
Electrical Conductivity
Why are copper and aluminum universally used for electrical wiring?
They both have relatively high electrical conductivity and are relatively inexpensive.
The _____ _____ of a substance is the temperature at which the substance melts or freezes, changing from a solid to a liquid or vice versa.
melting point
Properties such as thermal conductivity that describe the way substances behave when they are heated are often classed as _________ _________.
Thermal Properties
Another example of thermal property is the amount a substance expands or contracts as it is _____ or _______.
heated or cooled
The _________ ______ is the total kinetic energy of all the atoms in the substance.
internal energy
In scientific work both _____ and ____ scales are used.
Celcius and Kelvin
water boils/condenses at what temperature on the Fahrenheit Scale, Celsius Scale and Kelvin Scale?
212 F, 100 C, 373.2 K
alcohol boils/condenses at what temperature on the Fahrenheit Scale, Celsius Scale and Kelvin Scale?
172 F, 78 C, 351.2 K
The ____ is one of the seven SI System base units.
kelvin
The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales use the term _____.
degrees
A temperature change of one degree on the Celsius scale is the same as a one-degree change on the ____ scale.
Kelvin
Celsius and Kelvin use the same size of degree. The only difference is where the _____ is on the scale.
zero
_________ ________ is understood to be the temperature at which all atomic motion would cease.
Absolute zero
Pressure is caused by what?
molecular collision
A fluid will flow toward the _____ pressure
lower
When does low pressure occur?
When wind is moving rapidly
When atmospheric pressure drops, it means what kind of weather is coming?
stormy
How is atmospheric pressure measured?
barometer
How is volume measured?
width x height x depth (how much space an object takes up)
Solids&liquids are generally treated as _______ substances.
incompressible
What is incompressible?
Can not be pressed down into smaller volumes with increased pressure like gas can.
Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid or a gas. These 3 different states are usually called ____ by physicists, although in the field of chemistry they are often called ____.
phases, states
There is a 4th phase called _____ (not a soliquid btw)
plasma
What is the internal energy of a substance? (This determines the stage or phase a substance is in.
The sum of kinetic energy a substance has.
The following features hold for solids:
- Solids are rigid and have a definite shape 2. Solids have definite volume
Explain what happens molecularly to reach the melting point
As temperature increases, the particles will eventually reach the point where they are energetic enough to stay apart from each other at that same temperature if they had a boost of energy to break them apart.
What is the melting point
Where the energy level in the particles are just enough to where they can stay apart from eachother at the same temperature, but if a burst of energy is added, that would break them apart
What is the heat of fusion?
The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a solid or a solid into a liquid
What are properties of liquids
- No definite shape
2. no definite volume
What is heat of vaporization
The amount of energy required to vaporize something
What are features of gasses?
- They are fluid and have no shape
2. They have no definite volume
What is plasma
Ionized gas
What is the difference between vapor and gas?
Gas is more commonly used for things like substances such as nitrogen and oxygen that are gases at a normal temperature. Vapor is a term used for substances that are not gasses at room temperatures, such as water and dry ice.
What is the heat of Fusion for water?
334 kJ
What is the heat of Vaporization of water?
2,260 kJ
What is the heat of Fusion for Iron
247 kJ
What is the heat of vaporization of Iron
6,090 kJ
What is the heat off fusion of copper
209 kJ
What is the heat of vaporization of copper
4,730 kJ
What is the term when something is turned directly into a gas right from a solid
Sublimation
