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Physical Science 2k17 Lit flashcards > Properties of Substance > Flashcards

Properties of Substance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a term that helps describe substances

A

Physical Properties

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2
Q

What one physical property that describes resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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3
Q

What is a physical property that describes how easy something is to break

A

Brittleness

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4
Q

What are physical properties describing the opposite the opposite of Brittleness (How stretchy)

A

Malleability and Ductility

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5
Q

What are two physical properties that describe the resistance to breaking

A

Elasticity and Strength

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6
Q

What is the difference between malleability

A

Elasticity is the ability to stretch and snap back to its original shape

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7
Q

What is the Physical Property describing how stretchy something is

A

Tensile Strength

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8
Q

What is the Physical Property that describes how strong something is under pressure

A

Comprehensive Strength

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9
Q

What is a physical property that describes how electrically conductive something is

A

Electrical Conductivity

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10
Q

Why are copper and aluminum universally used for electrical wiring?

A

They both have relatively high electrical conductivity and are relatively inexpensive.

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11
Q

The _____ _____ of a substance is the temperature at which the substance melts or freezes, changing from a solid to a liquid or vice versa.

A

melting point

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12
Q

Properties such as thermal conductivity that describe the way substances behave when they are heated are often classed as _________ _________.

A

Thermal Properties

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13
Q

Another example of thermal property is the amount a substance expands or contracts as it is _____ or _______.

A

heated or cooled

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14
Q

The _________ ______ is the total kinetic energy of all the atoms in the substance.

A

internal energy

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15
Q

In scientific work both _____ and ____ scales are used.

A

Celcius and Kelvin

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16
Q

water boils/condenses at what temperature on the Fahrenheit Scale, Celsius Scale and Kelvin Scale?

A

212 F, 100 C, 373.2 K

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17
Q

alcohol boils/condenses at what temperature on the Fahrenheit Scale, Celsius Scale and Kelvin Scale?

A

172 F, 78 C, 351.2 K

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18
Q

The ____ is one of the seven SI System base units.

A

kelvin

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19
Q

The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales use the term _____.

A

degrees

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20
Q

A temperature change of one degree on the Celsius scale is the same as a one-degree change on the ____ scale.

A

Kelvin

21
Q

Celsius and Kelvin use the same size of degree. The only difference is where the _____ is on the scale.

A

zero

22
Q

_________ ________ is understood to be the temperature at which all atomic motion would cease.

A

Absolute zero

23
Q

Pressure is caused by what?

A

molecular collision

24
Q

A fluid will flow toward the _____ pressure

A

lower

25
Q

When does low pressure occur?

A

When wind is moving rapidly

26
Q

When atmospheric pressure drops, it means what kind of weather is coming?

A

stormy

27
Q

How is atmospheric pressure measured?

A

barometer

28
Q

How is volume measured?

A

width x height x depth (how much space an object takes up)

29
Q

Solids&liquids are generally treated as _______ substances.

A

incompressible

30
Q

What is incompressible?

A

Can not be pressed down into smaller volumes with increased pressure like gas can.

31
Q

Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid or a gas. These 3 different states are usually called ____ by physicists, although in the field of chemistry they are often called ____.

A

phases, states

32
Q

There is a 4th phase called _____ (not a soliquid btw)

A

plasma

33
Q

What is the internal energy of a substance? (This determines the stage or phase a substance is in.

A

The sum of kinetic energy a substance has.

34
Q

The following features hold for solids:

A
  1. Solids are rigid and have a definite shape 2. Solids have definite volume
35
Q

Explain what happens molecularly to reach the melting point

A

As temperature increases, the particles will eventually reach the point where they are energetic enough to stay apart from each other at that same temperature if they had a boost of energy to break them apart.

36
Q

What is the melting point

A

Where the energy level in the particles are just enough to where they can stay apart from eachother at the same temperature, but if a burst of energy is added, that would break them apart

37
Q

What is the heat of fusion?

A

The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a solid or a solid into a liquid

38
Q

What are properties of liquids

A
  1. No definite shape

2. no definite volume

39
Q

What is heat of vaporization

A

The amount of energy required to vaporize something

40
Q

What are features of gasses?

A
  1. They are fluid and have no shape

2. They have no definite volume

41
Q

What is plasma

A

Ionized gas

42
Q

What is the difference between vapor and gas?

A

Gas is more commonly used for things like substances such as nitrogen and oxygen that are gases at a normal temperature. Vapor is a term used for substances that are not gasses at room temperatures, such as water and dry ice.

43
Q

What is the heat of Fusion for water?

A

334 kJ

44
Q

What is the heat of Vaporization of water?

A

2,260 kJ

45
Q

What is the heat of Fusion for Iron

A

247 kJ

46
Q

What is the heat of vaporization of Iron

A

6,090 kJ

47
Q

What is the heat off fusion of copper

A

209 kJ

48
Q

What is the heat of vaporization of copper

A

4,730 kJ

49
Q

What is the term when something is turned directly into a gas right from a solid

A

Sublimation

Physical Science 2k17 Lit flashcards (30 decks)

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