sources and origins

Question 1

how is paper made

Answer 1

1) trees are cut and debarked and chipped
2) chips are added to a chemical solution and cooked to make a pulp
3) The pulp is washed and filtered to remove any impurities.
If white paper is required, pulp is bleached
4) The pulp is spread out into thin sheets on a mesh screen
5) The sheets are pressed through rollers to remove excess water
6)The paper is then dried using heated rollers.
7) sheets go through calender rollers which give the paper the final finish

Question 2

paper life cycle assessment stages

Answer 2

• extraction and processing of raw material
• manufacturing processes
• packaging
• transportation
• use of the product
• recycling
• disposal at end of useful life

Question 3

give two effects that paper production process has on the environment

Answer 3

trees are cut down to produce wood pulp for paper manufacturer, and animals and wildlife live in trees. this removes their habitats. trees act as a carbon sink and absorb carbon dioxide, so if we cut them, less CO2 is absorbed and is left in the atmopshere

Question 4

state the purpose of a life cycle assessment

Answer 4

informs us of the carbon footprint a product has or the impact that the manufacture of a product has on the environment

Question 5

explain one way in which softwoods and manufactured boards can be made to look like more expensive hardwoods

Answer 5

boards can be laminated with thin veneer of hardwood on the outer surface. can also be stained

Question 6

explain why crude oil is a finite resource

Answer 6

crude oil is naturally occurring and unrefined and it’s formed from the deposits of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. it can’t naturally be replaced at the rate which man consumers, making it a limited resource