Sources

Question 1

When does the Bust of Livia date?

Answer 1

30 BC

Question 2

What message does the Bust of Livia present?

Answer 2

Role model 
Traditional
  - Chaste 
  - Modest 
  - Reserved
Gravitas - Matrona
Dig at Cleopatra

Question 3

RIC 370

Answer 3

19 BC
Side 1:
 - Caesar Augustus 
 - Civic crown 
Side 2:
 - Divi Julius - God
 - Comet

Question 4

Prima Porta Augustus

Answer 4

Copy of bronze original
Similar to Doryphorus style
Making a gesture - powerful ruler
3 pronged hair - signature of Emperors to come
Smooth features - stops ageing
May have carried an object
Tunic was associates with Julius Caesar - connection with Divine world
Bare feet - god
Dolphin - birth of Venus and naval victory @ Actium
Cupid - son of Venus, connection with Venus and Aeneas

Question 5

Prima Porta Augustus (breastplate)

Answer 5

Gods:
  - Saturn, Jupiter, Caelus, Luna ( goddess of dawn), Diana/ Artimes, Pax, Apollo 
 Captive women:
  - Gaul, Spain, Germany 
Founders of Rome 
Spynx 
Reclaiming the Eagles - Tiberius?

Question 6

RIC 252

Answer 6

32 BC
Modest
Caesar 
Divi Filius 
Pax:
  - cornucopia 
  - Peace + plenty
War = better future ‘one last fight’

Question 7

RIC 410

Answer 7

Denarius 
Side 1:
  - Caesar Augustus 
  - Bare headed = ritual, pietas, Pontifex Maximus 
51 years old 
  - Youth
  - Apollo
Side 2: 
Libation 
  - Tripod (holds wine)
  - Patera (bowl)
  - Litmus (wand)
  - Simpulum ( Ladle)
 Antistius Reginus

Question 8

RRC 409

Answer 8

Aureus - mass audience 
43 BC
First time appearing in a coin
Side 1:
  - Gaius Caesar (Octavian)
  - Consul August 43 BC
  - Pontifex Maximus 
  - Auger (reads omens from the gods)
  - Useful for presentation at start of career
Side 2: 
  - Gaius Caesar
  - Emphasis = same 
  - Dictator Perpetua 
  - Pontifex Maximus 
  - Laurel crown

Question 9

BM 1995

Answer 9

Aureus
Restoring the Republic - not threatening
Side 1:
- Imperator Caesar (Octavian)
- Laurel crown
- Divi Filius
- Consul
- 6 Consul terms (43, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28)
Side 2:
- Curule chair = seating for magistrate w/ Imperium (senior politician)
- Octavian in toga = citizens
- Leges Aura P Restitutes = Laws of the people restored (abolishes laws passed by triumvirate)