source lab Flashcards
The
acceptable macronutrients distribution range for carbohydrates is ____ of calories.
45% to 65%
Carbohydrates provide ___cal/g of energy
4
Fats
constitute __% of the energy in the human body
34
- Generally, no more than ____ of total calories should come from fat
20% to 35%
The recommended dietary requirement of protein for adults is _____% of intake
10
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
A diet of liquids in the acute phase and low residue foods, then a well balanced high fiber
diet with more use of bran, whole grains and cellulose foods are recommended.
Malabsorption Syndrome (Celiac Sprue)
Gluten free diet is recommended - Healthy fats are in foods like avocado, walnuts,
coconut oil, ghee, and cold-pressed olive oil. Add eggs, and fish such as salmon, sardines
and tuna to help increase the healthy fats in the diet. Avoid lactose-containing dairy
products (milk, ice cream, and cheese).
. Cirrhosis of the liver
– Na restricted diet, high protein to compensate for the
depletion. Alcohol is strictly forbidden.
Peptic Ulcer
A bland diet is recommended - a diet consisting of foods with adequate nutritive value
that are generally soft, low in dietary fiber, cooked rather than raw, and not spicy with
the ability to dilute, neutralize, or reduce the secretion of acid by the stomach.
nephrotic syndrome
Low-Sodium Foods
high protein
CV disease
at fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fatty fish, lean protein, nuts, olive oil, and low-fat dairy, and avoid salty, fried, sugary, or processed foods
SUGGESTED INTRODUCTION OF FOOD
Birth to 4 months
4 to 6 months
6 to 8 months
8 to 10 months
9 to 12 months
12 months
-Breast milk (until 6 months) or formula (at 4 months)
-Iron-fortified rice cereal
-Vegetables, fruits
-Strained meats, fish, poultry
-Table food (cooked, chopped, unseasoned)
-Cow’s milk, eggs, cheese
Risk of Adolescence pregnancy
Inconsistent eating and poor food choices place the adolescent at risks for anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, premature labor,
spontaneous abortion, and delivery of a newborn of
low birth weight.
in aging Poor digestion leading to constipation, gas pains, or
diarrhea
what to do
Solutions: include fruits and vegetables in your daily meals to prevent constipation;
have four light meals (eat
the heaviest meal at noon);
drink 6-8 glasses of water
and fruit juices daily;
if suffering from diarrhea- take in
simple foods like tea, crackers, broth of boiled banana and kamote, lugaw, or toast. Avoid fibrous fruits and
vegetables.
. Body Mass Index (BMI)
it is a person’s weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in
meters square
is a key index for relating weight to height.
Formula in bmi
Formula 1= wt. in kg/ht.in meters2 or
Formula 2= wt. in lbs./height in inches2
normal in bmi
below 18.5-underwith
18.5 - 24.9 - normal
25 - 29.9 - overweight
30 - 34.9 - Obesity class 1
35-39.9- Obesity class 2
40 above - Obesity class 3
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’
commitment to evidence-based practice was
realized when the____
was launched in 2004
Evidence Analysis Library (EAL)
When creating the EAL, the Academy envisioned
that the EAL would
a rigorous and highly respected process of
evaluating synthesizing and disseminating
research findings on important food and nutrition
topics.
a premier definitive source of synthesized
research of interest to dietetic - and other
healthcare - professions
Be a highly valued resource by Academy
member
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics,
, is a science studying the relationship
between human genome, nutrition and health.
Nutritional genomics
The focus is in the
prevention and the correction of specific genetic disorders.
Examples of genetic related disorders that improve with nutritional correction are
Obesity
Coronary Heart Disease
Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus type 1
Spina Bifida
definition
what to do
A birth defect where the spine doesn’t develop properly.
Proper nutrition, especially taking folic acid (a type of B vitamin), before and during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of this condition.
(FASD)
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
definition
what to do
A rare genetic disorder where the body can’t break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. Without treatment, it can cause brain damage.
special diet that avoids high-phenylalanine foods can prevent the harmful effects, and the symptoms can be managed or reversed.
- The following four factors have contributed to the growth of
evidence-based decision making:
ce-based decision making:
1. the rapid growth of clinical studies and medical
literature;
2. the availability of high-quality systematic reviews;
3. advances in health information technology that
allow the availability of evidence-based information at
the point of care; and
4. the promise of evidence-based decision making to
support both improved patient care and cost control.
Examples of genetic related disorders that improve with nutritional correction are
Obesity
one of the most widely studied topics in nutritional genomics.
Due to genetic variations among individuals, each person could respond to diet
differently. By exploring the interaction between dietary pattern and genetic
factors, the field aims to suggest dietary changes that could prevent or reduce
obesity),
Examples of genetic related disorders that improve with nutritional correction are
Coronary Heart Disease
certain genetic variations (alleles) at two specific places in our DNA (E and B Apo lipoprotein loci) affect how we respond to fats (lipids) in our diet.
reducing fat intake lowers the risk of CHD for everyone, regardless of genetic differences.
Asian
Traditional Diet is Plant based, rich in fiber & nutrients but maybe high in
sodium, **High risk for osteoporosis
American
*or Western Diet – varies with region food high in fat & cholesterol (meat
eating) **Risk for Obesity, CVD, Diabetes common
Hispanic
Traditional Diet high in CHO such as corn, beans, & squash Use fat in food
preparation ** Risk for obesity DM, High Cholesterol
Christian
Catholics-no meat on Ash Wed or Friday in Lent & fasting on some religious
days
Mormons
no coffee, tea alcohol or tobacco
Seventh Day Adventists
lacto-ovo- vegetarian (milk & eggs added) no coffee, tea,
alcohol or strong seasonings, no snacking
Islam
– No pork or birds of prey. Fasting during religious times
Judaism
Kosher meat or poultry
Pork and shellfish are strictly forbidden.
