NUTRITION ACROSS LIFESPAN pregnant Flashcards
Human pregnancy lasts
for a period of
266 to 280 days (37-40 weeks).
A daily increase of ___calories is recommended
during the second trimester of pregnancy,
340
increase of __ calories is recommended during
the third trimester of pregnancy.
452
Maternal Gain weight
Fetus
Uterus
Placenta
Ammonitic Fluid
Blood Volume
Extracellular Fluid Accretion
Breast tISsue
Fat
7.5
2
1.5
2
3
2
1
9
Recommended weight during the first
trimester is ___ lb.
○ Recommended weight gain is ___ lb per
month during the second and third
trimesters.
1 to 4
2 to 4
A. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation
Underweight Risk:
High risk of having low-birth weight infants; higher
rates of preterm death and infant deaths.
A. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation
Overweight and Obese Risk:
hypertension,
gestational diabetes, and postpartum infections;difficult labor and delivery,
Lactating women require an increase in daily caloric
intake. If the client is breastfeeding during the postpartum
period, an additional daily intake of ____calories is
recommended during the first 6 months and an additional
daily intake of _____calories is recommended during the
second 6 months.
330
400
Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirements
during Pregnancy and Lactation
Protein - For a normal woman protein should
comprise ___% of daily total calorie intake.
20
The
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein during
pregnancy is ___g/kg/day.
1.1
FAO/WHO recommends an additional __ g of protein per
day for the latter part of pregnancy.
9
an additional allowance of
a Filipino pregnant woman becomes ___ g/day or a total of
68 g/day for the adult pregnant women.
14
Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirements
during Pregnancy and Lactation
fats should be limit % of total calorie intake
30%
Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirements
during Pregnancy and Lactation
carbohydrates should be compriise % of total calorie intake
50
Fluid: _____ mL of fluids daily from food and
drinks. Preferable fluids include water, fruit juice, or
milk. Carbonated beverages and fruit drinks
provide little or no nutrients.
2000 to 3000
Caffeine: Caffeine crosses the placenta and can
affect the movement and heart rate of the fetus.
However, moderate use (less than ___mg/day)
does not appear to be harmful.
300
Folic acid intake: It is recommended that ____
mcg/day of folic acid be taken during pregnancy.
600
are common during
pregnancy
Nausea and constipatio
Dietary Complication during Pregnancy
For nausea,
eat dry crackers
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices.
Avoid drinking fluids with meals, and do
not take medication to control nausea
without checking with the provider.
Dietary Complication during Pregnancy
for constipation
increase fluid consumption and include fiber
Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)
is a maternal
genetic disease in which high levels of
phenylalanine pose danger to the fetus.
Toxemia
– rapid weight gain, edema, high blood
pressures, excretion of albumin in the urine, and
convulsion are clinical manifestations of toxemia.
Two classification of toxemia:
Acute toxemia of
pregnancy (onset after the 24th week) and Chronic
hypertensive (vascular) disease.
Anemia
the classic macrocytic anemia of
pregnancy represents a combined deficiency of
iron and folic acid.
Diabetes – pregnant women with diabetes are
more prone to develop
pre-eclampsia, pyelonephritis, and polyhydramnios
Excessive maternal alcohol ingestion is
linked to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Its
major features are
CNS disorders, mental
retardation, growth deficiencies, and facial
deformities.
Smoking during pregnancy
lowers the
mean birth weight and increases the risk
of perinatal mortality. Smoking seems to
affect the conversion of dietary calories
into weight gain.
