Sound production 6 Flashcards
tuning fork
longitudinal –>
vibrating strings
transverse
-vibrating strings cause adjacent air molecules to vibrate up and down
generator
creates the sound waves, usually with a . range of frequencies
resonator
amplifies selected frequencies
the effect of sharp edges on sound production
when a jet of air in a pipe meets a sharp edge,
the resonator is trapped in side the air chamber,
causing it to vibrate in response to the turbulent air stream at the edge eg,. tin whistle
the effect of a vibrating reed on sound production
-an air column is set into a vibration by means of a reed (strip of string metal)
reed instruments function
the act of blowing causes reed to vibrate (generator)
-causes air column the vibrate in the instrument (resonator)
the effect of vibrating lips on sound production
-lips are the generator
-
generation of speech sounds
- phonation
- fricative sounds
- plosive
* phonation =regular periodic sounds
* fricatives and plosives= aperiodic (noise sounds)
- phonation
air flow through the glottis –>vibration of vocal folds
2.fricative sounds
fricative sounds: air flow through narrow openings between articulators (lips, teeth, tongue, hard palate and mandible).
-The resulting friction produces turbulence –> hissing sound
- Plosive
- sudden release of air behind vocal tract
- when air is trapped behind the closure and is abruptly released
in fricative sounds, what happens?
- sharpness increases with the velocity of air movement and sharpness of the cutting edge across which it is blown
- as fricatives are aperiodic, they are represented y a continuous spectrum
what are the four states of plosives?
- closure (airstream stoppage transition)
- stoppage (silence)
- release (plosive burst)
- transition (vowel)
DC
direct current
-current flows in one direction and its value is constant with time
