oral cavity and tongue

Question 1

functions of the oral cavity

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. mastication
3. digestion (1st stage)
4. vocal tract –>obstruct sound/modify resonance of sound by changing shape

Question 2

describe the structure of the lips

Answer 2

mobile muscle covered by skin and lined by mucous membrane

–>labial glands open into the buccal cavity

Question 3

functions of the lib

Answer 3

-close against the possible exit of food
-facial expression
add volume to the oral cavity proper
-acts as a sphincter to produce sounds eg. P

Question 4

cheeks structure

Answer 4

mobile inner component: buccinator muscle

used in blowing

Question 5

cheeks function

Answer 5

changes the volume of the oral cavity

keeps food/air in the oral cavity proper

Question 6

glads in the oral cavity?

Answer 6

labial glands

salivary glands

Question 7

labial glands

Answer 7

between orbicularis oris and mucous membrane of the lips

Question 8

salivary glands function

Answer 8

• initiate digestion
• softens bolus
• frictionless movement of speech

Question 9

salivary glands

Answer 9

parotid gland –>opens in buccal cavity above upper molar tooth via parotid duct
submandibular gland –> opens in the floor of mouth
sublignual glad –> opens under tongue

Question 10

structure of teeth

Answer 10

enamel 96%mineral
dentin 66% mineral
cementum 55% mineral

Question 11

what are the stages of growth in teeth

Answer 11

prenatal
eruption
tooth wear

Question 12

development/growth of teeth

Answer 12

• deciduous and permanent teeth develope in utero
• deciduous teeth begin developing at about 5-6 weeks
• permanent teeth develop above the deciduous at about 10 weeks
• teeth don’t erupt until 6 months after birth

Question 13

eruption

Answer 13

-calcification
-interosseus eruption: teeth break through mandible and maxilla
clinical eruption: teeth emerge through gums

Question 14

calcification

Answer 14

enamel and dentin harden

Question 15

attrition

Answer 15

wearing away of enamel

Question 16

abrasion

Answer 16

physical waer via abnormal mechanical processes

Question 17

role of teeth

Answer 17

mastication

articulatory surfaces for speech sounds

Question 18

functions of the tongue

Answer 18

• mastication
• swallowing
• taste
• articulation
• air control

Question 19

lingual papillae

Answer 19

rough sensory structures on the surface of tongue

Question 20

taste

Answer 20

vallate, fungiform, foliate papillae

Question 21

touch

Answer 21

filiform papillae

Question 22

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 22

move the tongue as a whole –> attached to bones

Question 23

intrinsic muscles

Answer 23

alter the shape of the tongue, no bony attachments

Question 24

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 24

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical

Question 25

superior longitudinal function

Answer 25

• assists in retracting the tongue
• turns the tip up
• unilateral –>deviates tip side to side “t/d”

Question 26

inferior longitudinal

Answer 26

1. assists int retracting the tongue
2. turns tip down
3. unilateral –>deviates tongue side to side “k, ng”

Question 27

transverse

Answer 27

narrows and elongates the tongue

Question 28

vertical

Answer 28

flatten and depresses the tongue towards the floor of the mouth –>has vertical fibres

Question 29

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 29

genioglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
hyoglossus

Question 30

genioglossus

Answer 30

1. depresses/lowers centre of tongue
2. retract (anterior fibres)
3. protude (posterior fibres)

Question 31

styloglossus

Answer 31

draws back of tongue back and up

Question 32

hyoglossus

Answer 32

pulls sides of tongue down

Question 33

palatoglossus

Answer 33

1. elevates posterior tongue
   2.depresses soft palate
   narrows the fauces (arched opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx.)

Question 34

mylohoid

Answer 34

raises floor of mouth

Question 35

geniohyoid

Answer 35

draws hyoid anteriorly and superiorly

Question 36

digastric

Answer 36

elevates hyoid

depresses mandible

Question 37

what is the nerve supply of tongue muscles

Answer 37

all tongue muscles (except palatoglossus) supplied by XII(hypoglossal)
palatoglossus supplied by X (vagus)

Question 38

oral cavity proper boundaries

Answer 38

anterior boundary: teeth
lateral boundary teeth (in alveolar arches)
posterior boundary: palatoglossal arch 
superior boundary: hard and soft palate
inferior boundary: tongue

Question 39

oral vestibule

Answer 39

area between the teeth rows and lips/cheeks