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ENR Biweekly 3 > Sos- pathology of parathyroid and MEN syndrome > Flashcards

Sos- pathology of parathyroid and MEN syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

is a clone of the same cell over and over
adipose tissue would be pushed out of the way

A

adenoma

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2
Q
A

parathyroid tissue

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3
Q

1 parathyroid enlarged=

A

adenoma

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4
Q

More than 1 parathyroid enlarged=

A

hyperplasia

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5
Q
A

parathyroid gland

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6
Q
A

chief cells of parathyroid gland

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7
Q

secretes PTH and causes increase in blood calcium

A

parathyroid gland

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8
Q
A

hyperparathyroidism (causing hypercalcemia)

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9
Q

decrease in PTH and decrease in blood calcium

A

hypoparathyroidism

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10
Q

contraction of facial muscles after tapping facial nerve (seen in hypocalcemia)

A

Chvostek sign

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11
Q

induction of carpal pedal spasm seen in hypocalcemia

A

Trousseau sign

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12
Q
A

hypocalcemia

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13
Q

Whenever you have calcium that is high, check what

A

thyroid, parathyroid, and malignancy

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14
Q

hyperfunction of parathyroid cells due to hyperplasia, adenoma, or carcinoma

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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15
Q

may be associated with MEN1
high serum calcium
low serum phosphate

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

due to chronic renal failure
stimulation of parathyroid in response to hypocalcemia

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

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17
Q

low to normal serum calcium
high phosphate

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

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18
Q

seen in end stage renal failure (from chronic)
following long term physiological stimulation leading to hyperplasia
high serum calcium and phosphate

A

tertiary hyperparathyroidism

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19
Q

Increased PTH due to the parathyroid gland
The most common cause is a parathyroid adenoma, 80% of cases
Typically one gland

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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20
Q

osteitis fibrosa cystica “brown tumor”

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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21
Q

found within macrophages (siderophages), breakdown of blood (blood vessel damage)
turning tumor brown color

A

hemosiderin

22
Q

having GI issues
bone pain in legs

A

primary hyperparathyroidism (or MEN1)

23
Q
A

parathyroid adenoma

24
Q
A

adenoma
on bottom is normal parathyroid

25
Q

Increased PTH due to a disease other than the parathyroid
Most common cause is chronic renal failure

A

secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism

26
Q

caused by oversecretion of parathyroid hormone
low phosphate
high PTH and calcium

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

27
Q

caused by vitamin D deficiency
high phosphate and PTH
low calcium

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

28
Q

caused by chronic renal failure
high phosphate and calcium
very high PTH

A

tertiary hyperparathyroidism

29
Q

common cause of hypercalcemia in elderly

A

cancer

30
Q

Most common cause of this is women over the age of 50 after menopause

A

PTH-independent hypercalcemia

31
Q

______ carcinoma is common cause of hypercalcemia

A

squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

Rare, decreased PTH due to autoimmune disorders, DiGeorge syndrome and surgical excision

A

hypoparathyroidism

33
Q
A

DiGeorge syndrome

34
Q

Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism but with an increased PTH level
End organ resistance to PTH, inactive or decreased expression of PTH receptors
GNAS gene mutation coupled to PTH receptor
Short stature, round (full) face, brachydactyly

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

35
Q

due to PTH receptor deficiency (low serum calcium and normal PTH)

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

36
Q
A

Albright’s syndrome (Pseudohypoparathyroidism)

37
Q

Differ from other hereditary cancer syndromes in that most neoplasia grow in hormone-secreting glands

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia

38
Q

Well-defined hormonal syndromes with excess hormone production
Asymptomatic patients can be identified with excess hormone that serve as tumor markers for screening, diagnosis and therapy

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia

39
Q

3 P’s
pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic tumors

A

MEN1

40
Q

parathyroid hyperplasia
medullary thyroid carcinoma
pheochromocytoma

A

MEN2A

41
Q

mucosal neuromas
marfanoid body habitus
medullary thyroid carcinoma
pheochromocytoma

A

MEN2B

42
Q
A

MEN1

43
Q
A

MEN2

44
Q

2 theories for this, but pathophysiology is unclear

A

adrenal gland hemorrhage

45
Q

First identified as an outcome in children with Neisseria meningitis sepsis
Rare but life-threatening disorder that involves bilateral adrenal hemorrhage

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

46
Q

Following a bacterial or viral infection, an acute clinical presentation including:
Abdominal pain
Fever
Chills
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Joint and muscle pain
Skin rash
Loss of consciousness

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

47
Q

Develops into disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and shock

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

48
Q

common cause of waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

A

meningococcal meningitis

49
Q

Increased release of cortisol and adrenaline
Adrenocortical hemorrhage

A

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

50
Q

Septicemia > Endotoxemia > Adrenal hemorrhage (90%) > DIC > Shock

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

51
Q

in child, following bacterial or viral infection and has fever

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

52
Q
A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

ENR Biweekly 3 (14 decks)

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