some uses of the dative and the abl, esp in comparisons

Question 1

how does ‘the dative of a personal pronoun’ work? give an eg

Answer 1

a dative of the personal pronoun is used in familiar talk or writing to mark interest or call attention:
quid mihi Celsus agit?
Tell me, what is Celsus about?

Question 2

what is ‘the dative of a personal pronoun’ otherwise called?

Answer 2

the ethic dative

Question 3

give 3 Latin verbs which can take a predicative dative

Answer 3

1. sum
2. habeo (=I consider as)
3. duco (=I consider as)

Question 4

in the sentence ‘exitio est avidum mare nautis’, what is the predicative dative and what is the dative of reference?

Answer 4

the predicative dative is exitio, the dative of reference is nautis

Question 5

1. what does the dative of purpose express?

2. give an eg of this

Answer 5

1. the end in view
2. equitatum auxilio Caesari miserunt
   they sent the cavalry as a help to Caesar
   (this is almost identical to the predicative dative)

Question 6

give a Latin eg of a dative of direction

Answer 6

it clamor caelo

a shoud ascends towards heaven

Question 7

1. what word is the ‘abl of comparison’ used instead of?

2. what two things is the abl of comparison used with

Answer 7

1. quam (=than)

2. comparative adjs and adverbs and a nom/acc noun

Question 8

in the sentence ‘nothing is more lovable than virtue’, what is the comparative adj? give the Latin for it

Answer 8

‘more lovable’

amabilius

Question 9

in the sentence ‘nothing is more lovable than virtue’, what would the abl of comparison be in Latin?

Answer 9

‘than virtue’

virtute

Question 10

in comparisons, when must ‘quam’ be used instead of an ablative of comparison?
give a Latin sentence to illustrate.

Answer 10

when other cases than nom or acc are involved in the comparison
nihilo amicior est Phaedriae quam Antiphoni
He is in no degree more friendly to Phaedria than to Antipho

Question 11

what is the ablative of association used with? give a latin sentence to illustrate

Answer 11

the abl of association is used with verbs and adjs denoting plenty, fullness, possession:
villa abundat gallina, lacte, caseo, melle