relative pronouns, morphology of subjunctives, negating wishes and questions and sequence of tenses Flashcards
what is a connecting relative?
where a personal relative pronoun starts a sentence, and needs to be translated not as ‘what, who’ but as if it were the equivalent part of is, ea, id or hic, haec, hoc.
how is the neuter relative pronoun ‘quod’ often used?
loosely in apposition to the previous sentence, rather than agreeing with a specific neuter word,
give the present subjunctive for the first declension
portem portes portet portemus portetis portent
give the present subjunctive endings for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th declensions
am, as, at, amus, atis, ant
recite the present subj of sum
sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint
what are wishes for the future often introduced by?
utinam
what makes wishes for the future negative?
ne
what makes deliberative questions negative?
non
how does the sequence of tenses work?
the tense of the main verb determines the tense of the subj in a subordinate clause
give the 3 primary tenses
- present
- future
- ‘perfect with have’
give the 3 historic tenses
- imperfect
- perfect
- pluperfect
what is the ‘perfect with have’ otherwise known as?
the ‘true perfect’
what does the ‘perfect with have’ refer to?
a past event whose events still continue, which is why it is regarded as primary.
give two other things which also count as ‘primary’
the imperative and the future perfect
what else counts as ‘historic’?
‘the future in the past’
