some conditions Flashcards
how do you diagnose CF
through screening such as heelpirck at brith
Sx of asthma
Tx
wheeze cough chest tightness SOB TX short b2 agonist - salbutamol corticosteroid - beclomethasone
A person comes into hospital suffering form SOB, cough and wheeze. Further tests reveal they have salty skin and struggle to gain weight. FH of male infertility and constipation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
How could we treat this?
CF
Ivacaftor for p.Gly551Asp
lumacaftor for p.Phe508del
A 53yr miner comes in with exacerbation , SOB and regular cough with increase sputum purulence and volume. They have chest sounds on examination and purse lip breathing. What could this be?
what further tests should be carried out
and what are the treatment and management plans
COPD
spirmometry, CXR, ECG for pulmonale test for a1trypsin
stop smoking, oxygen , salbutamol, ipratropium , pulmonary rehab
barrel chest
signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax
Chest pain, SOB, tracheal deviation away from side of pneumothorax, hyper resonant on percussion
how do you treat a tension pneumothorax
thoracocentesis in 2nd intercostal space midclaviuclar line to get air out then chest drain in the same place
bronchiolitis is caused by a respiratory syncytial virus common in under2 what r the signs and symptoms
fever , drug cough , difficult feeding and wheezing
treated with paracetamol, ibuprofen and fluids
there are 2 respiratory centres of the Brain what are they and what do they control?
in the medulla oblongata
dorsal respiratory group that control inspiration - DRG
ventral respiratory group that controls expiration - VRG
what respiratory group signals to the medulla fro the transition from inspiration
pontine respiratory group
what do the chemorecpros in the aortic arch measure
partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and blood pH
hypercapnia
raised CO2
what is the formula linking pressure surfactant, surface tension and radius of the alveoli
P= 2T/r
As you breathe in the surfactant is spread more thinly so has less of an effect to prevent open expansion of the alvolus by increasing the surface tension as the alveolus expands
in bronchectasis when can you hear coarse crackles
expiration
acidosis is below 7.35 Ph and above 44 of H+
true
respiratory acidosis causes failure of ventilation
what is metabolic acidosis characterised by in readings
low bicarbonate and high hydrogen ion conc
