Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Anatomy of the lung > Flashcards

Anatomy of the lung Flashcards

1
Q

what is the thorax

A

just the rib cage

between neck and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the chest

A

rib cage and pectoral girdle ( clavicle, upper humerus and scapula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the superior thoracic aperture/ anatomical thoracic inlet/ thoracic outlet

A

opening at the top of the thoracic cavity allowing connections of structures between the thorax and the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inferior thoracic aperture- anatomical thoracic outlet

A

formed by 12 the thoracic veterbra - bottom hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what passes through the superior thoracic aperture

A

right and left subclavian arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of mediastinum

A

conduit for structures transversing the thorax on their way to the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the compartments of the mediastinum

A

Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum - anterior , middle and posterior mediastinum

divisions of thoracic cavity counting heart thymus gland and portions of the oesophagus and trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the superior mediastinum run between

A

line of sternal angle and terminates at the superior thoracic aperture ( T1-T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

at what vertebral level can you find your your sternal angle

A

T4-T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the manubrium

A

superior portion of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the jugular notch

A

the suprasternal notch is a dip in the neck between the clavicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

borders of the superior mediastinum

A

superior - thoracic inlet
infer - continues with the infer mediastinum at level of the sternal angle
posterior - vertebral bodies of T1-T4
lateral - pleura of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What things can be found in the superior mediastinum

A 
arch of the aorta 
superior vena cava 
vagus nerve 
phrenic nerve 
thymus 
oesaphagus 
thoracic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the middle mediastinum as anterior and posterior borders to the pericardium, lateral to mediastinal pleura of the lungs and superiorly to sternal angle line and inferior to the diaphragm
true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which major lymph nodes are found in the medial mediastinum and are associated with the trachea and bronchi of the respiratory system

A

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which mediastinum contains no major structures and accommodates loose connective tissue and in infants the thymus extends inferably into it

A

anterior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is contained in the posterior mediastinum

A

thoracic duct
oesophagus
thoracic aorta
sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

at what vertebral level does the mediastinum end

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

xiphoid process level

A

T10(T9)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

at what level does counting of the ribs start?

A

2nd as first should normally be covered by clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the infrasternal angle

A

cartilages of 10-7 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thoracic levels refer to someone lying in a supine position

Gravity takes its toll on viscera when you stand

A 
Four type be clear 
thoracic vertebral levels 
thoracic rib levels 
thoracic costal cartilages levels 
thoracic dermatome levels 
e.g. 
thoracic vertebral level - T10 
thoracic rib levels 0 none 
thoracic costal cartilages levels is T7 
throaci dermatome level is T5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In patients with COPD why are there clavicles visible

A

barrel chest - lungs are chronically overinflated with air so the rib cage stays partially expanded all the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pleurisy

what are the symptoms

A

when the thin lining between your lungs and ribs becomes inflamed

sharp chest upon upon breathing in deeply

25
Q

pleural effusion - chest gets pushed onto normal side

A

build up excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs - i.e. in the intrapleural cavity

26
Q

what does a pleural effusion look like on an x-ray and how is it treated

A

looks very white at lung base

chest drains

27
Q

pleural rub

and when does pain stop

A

inflamed and roughened pleural surfaces against one another during movement of the chest wall
normally pleurisy

pain stop when you hold your breath

28
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung - air leaks into the space between lungs and chest wall

29
Q

haemothorax

A

blood collects between chest wall and lungs - pools in the pleural cavity

30
Q

what is the costodiaphragmatic recess - clinical importance

A

as most fluid collections pool here

31
Q

when finding pain visceral pleura gives an autonomic dull idefined pain whereas partial pleura give a somatic sharp localised pain true or false

A

true

good example
Abscess in lung - and when it goes through visceral it will be really painful and localised - could be coughing with no pain and then hold spot

32
Q

which membrane of the lung gives sharp localised pain

A

parietal pleura

33
Q

where does parietal and visceral pleura attach and meet

A

root of the hilum

34
Q

parietal pleura covers superior diaphragm to aid in what

A

respiration

35
Q

when locating the inferior borders of the lungs using the mid clavicular line, mid axillary line and mid scapula line - what are these values respectively
how do they values change when you find inferior borders of the pleural cavity

A

6th rib
8th rib
10th rib

2 up
8,10,12

36
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have ?

A

3

37
Q

how many lobes does left lung have

A

2

38
Q

what is the horizontal fissure

A

separates the middle lobe from the upper lobe at the level of the 4th costal cartilage

39
Q

what is the oblique fissure

A

separates the lower lobe from both the middle and upper lines at the base level of 6th costal cartilage and starts at the level of T3 vertebrae

40
Q

why is there a lingual and smaller superior lobe in the left lung

A

due to the heart

41
Q

emphysema

A

alveoli are damaged so the surface area reducing SA fro gas exchange and causes lungs to loose elasticbiltiy

42
Q

asthma

A

inflammation of mucosa airways - WBC thicken airway creating wheezing sound

43
Q

cystic fibrosis - CFTR channel problem

what ions affected

A

chord ions blocked through channels so sodium does not follow chloride ion then water does not follow sodium ion so dehydration of mucus sets in

44
Q

bronchiectasis

A

break down of cilia and increase mucosa so you swallow or cough it up - smells and is green
long term cough
( airway wide)

45
Q

bronchitis

A

infection of bronchi causing them to become irritated and inflamed - dry cough and yellow grey mucus/none
sore throat and wheezing

46
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs due to infection - high temp and chest pain with cough

47
Q

Covid 19 symptoms

A

fever and dry cough first signs
signs after a week
SOB and breathing difficulties

48
Q

pulmonary consolidation

A

lung tissue that has filled with liquid - swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue - normally aerated lung

49
Q

left costolphrenic angle clinical importance

A

blunting or edge filled signifies pleural effusion

50
Q

3 places that the pleural fluid comes from

A

parietal pleura circualtion ( main source )
visceral pleura ( from lungs)
peritoneal cavity via small holes in the diaphragm

51
Q

functions of pleura

A

allows for change in lung shape during respiration

pleura revente lungs from collapsing by maintaining positive transpulmonary pressure

52
Q

in the parietal space what can you find

A

systemic capillaries and parietal lymph vessels

53
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of parietal pleura - mainly due to viral infection or autoimmune disease
SOB - pleurais chest pain -pain breathing
pleural rub - during respiration - grating sound

54
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in pleural space result of inflammation
standing up pushed fluid down - breath sounds decrease , dull percusion and decrease lung expansion

55
Q

How do you diagnose a pleural effusion

A

pleural tap( aspirate excess and can be analysed) of thoracocentesis - technique used to remove fluid or air from the pleural space used as both diagnostic tool and therapeutic intervention

56
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in pleural space
2 main mechanisms
- spontaneous ( result of ruptured bullae - air leaks in normally with people with COPD, causing partial collapse)
-open - external trauma - air leaks in from outside - collapse
hyper resonant percus, ascultate will eb reduced breath sounds

57
Q

tension pneumothorax- normally results from a valve defect ( air can’t leave)

A

over accumualtionof air - external trauma - opening results as a vlave - air in inspiration increasing pleural pressure e, however air can’t leave pleural space

large increase in pressure will cause tracheal deviation
and cause hypotension as pressure on the heart

58
Q

which pleura is sensitive to pain , pressure and temperature and produces a well localised pain

and what nerves is it innervated by

Blood supply is by the intercostal arteries

A

parietal pleura

phrenic and intercostal nerves

59
Q

The visceral pleura is not sensitive to pain temperature or touch. Its sensory fibres only detects stretch. It receives autonomic innervation from the pulmonary plexus (nerves from sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve)
what gives it the arterial supply

A

bronchial arteries - branch of descending aorta - also supplies parenchyma of the lungs

Respiratory (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions