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Neuro Exam 2 > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

organization ofareas within the CNS (SC and Brain)

A

somatotopic

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2
Q

Peripheral Sensory neurons have 2 axons:
________ axons conduct messages from receptor to cell body
________axons project from cell body into spinal cord or brainstem

A

distal

proximal

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3
Q

somatosensory peripheral neurons do what?

A 
pain
pressure
temperature
touch
etc
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4
Q

main difference between motor and sensory neuron?

A

cell body

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5
Q

which axons transmit faster and why

A

larger diameter because they are myelinated so their resistance to current flow is less

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6
Q

types of axons

A

large (myelinated- fastest)
medium
small
unmyelinated (slowest)

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7
Q

which axon does proprioception of skeletal muscle

A

largest

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8
Q

axon: mechanoreceptors of skin

A

medium

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9
Q

axon: paint, temperature

A

small

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10
Q

axon: temperature, pain, itch

A

unmyelinated

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11
Q

Area of skin innervated by single afferent neuron

A

receptive field

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12
Q

which part on your body would have smaller and greater density receptive field

A

fingers

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13
Q

which part of your body would have larger and less dense receptive field

A

back

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14
Q

3 types of skin sensation

A

touch
pain
temperature

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15
Q

2 point discrimination tool: how does this work on your fingers and back?

A

on your fingers you can feel both pins but on your back you can only feel one

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16
Q

In general, the type of environmental energy that a specific receptor responds to is

A

unique and unimodal

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17
Q

classify receptors by (4)

A

structure
source
type
rate

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18
Q

Free and diffuse nerve endings

Encapsulated receptors

A

structure classification

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19
Q

Exteroreceptors– Interoreceptors

– Proprioceptors

A

classifying by source of stimulus

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20
Q

Slowly adapting

– Rapidly adapting

A

classifying somatic receptors by rate of adaption

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21
Q

Primary source of information to Spinal Cord

A

somatic receptors

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22
Q

somatic receptors determine what?

A

activity and output of the CNS

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23
Q

5 types of receptors

A 
chemo
photo
thermo
mechano
noci
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24
Q

Smell, taste, pH, metabolites

A

chemoreceptors

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25
Q

visual receptors

A

photoreceptors

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26
Q

temperature (hot or cold)

A

thermoreceptors

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27
Q

Physical Deformation (Touch, Pressure, Stretch, or Vibration)

A

mechanoreceptors

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28
Q

Noxious – sensitive to stimuli that damage or threaten todamage tissues.
– Stimulation of these receptors leads to pain

A

nociceptors

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29
Q

2 superficial fine touch receptors

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Merkel’s Disks

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30
Q

light touch

vibration

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

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31
Q

pressure touch receptor structure

A

Merkel’s disks

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32
Q

hair follicle receptors

A

displacement of hair

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33
Q

2 subcutaneous fine touch receptors

A

pacinian corpuscles

ruffini endings

34
Q

pacinian corpuscle does what>

A

touch and vibration

35
Q

ruffini endings do what

A

stretch of skin

36
Q

(crude localized touch/ pressure, tickle, and itch)

A

free nerve endings

37
Q

Sensory organ in muscle

A

muscle spindle

38
Q

muscle spindles transmit info regarding:

A

muscle length, tension, and load

39
Q

Detect when there is a stretch on the muscleand initiate reflex to resist that stretch

A

muscle spindle

40
Q

specialized fibers inside spindle

  • nuclear bag and chain fibers
  • stretching muscle stretches these fibers
A

intrafusal fibers

41
Q

ordinary skeletal fibers outside the spindle

A

extrafusal fibers

42
Q

primary endings of muscle spindle aka annulospiral endings do what?

A

FAST

respond to rate of muscle stretch and length change

43
Q

secondary endings aka flower spray endings of a muscle spindle do what?

A

type II
medium-slower
responds to changes in length no matter rate of stretch

44
Q

primary endings discharge

A

phasic and tonic

45
Q

secondary endings discharge

A

tonic only

46
Q

phasic is what?

A

reflex hammer- quick stretch and fade

47
Q

tonic is what?

A

rate is proportional to stretch of spindle fibers

48
Q

function of muscle spindle

A

passive stretch on extrafusal fiber causes intrafusal fiber to stretch

49
Q

Structures that relay tension intendons

Sensitive to

A

golgi tendon organs

50
Q

golgi tendon organs function to do what? 2 things

A

1] Control speed of contraction for coordinated, fine, precise movements
2] protect against muscle tears/pulls

51
Q

activated to reduce effects of cramping

A

golgi tendon organs

52
Q

Signal extreme of joint range
– Respond more to passive stretch than active

joint receptor

A

ruffini’s endings (II)

53
Q

Respond to movement (not when joint position is constant)

joint receptor

A

paciniform corpuscle (II)

54
Q

Similar to GTOs – signal tension

joint receptor

A

ligament receptors (Ib)

55
Q

Stimulated by inflammation

joint receptor

A

free nerve endings (alphay and C)

56
Q

how does conscious relay pathways to brain?

A

via projection neurons in white matter

myelinated pathways transmit info super fast

57
Q

2 structures for conscious relay pathway

A

Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus

Anterolateral Tracts

58
Q

dorsal column/medial lemniscus does what?

A

discriminative touch

conscious propriception

59
Q

Localization of touch and being able to tell if touch is one point or two

A

discriminative touch

60
Q

Awareness of movements and relative position of bodyparts

A

conscious proprioception

61
Q

3 neurons for dorsal column pathway and where they synapse:

A

1st order: nucleus cuneatus/gracilis
2nd order: VPL nucleus
3rd order: somatosensory cortex

62
Q

afferent=

efferent=

A

sensory neurons

motor neurons

63
Q

Sensory stimulus (vibration, proprioception, fine touch) to sensory receptor (pacinian corpuscle - mechanoreceptors)
– Stimulus travels through dorsal root ganglion of spinal cord and
continues superiorly via the ipsilateral fasciculus cuneatus (upper
extremity) or fasciculus gracilis (lower extremity)
– Stimulus travels within same axon to medulla where it synapses at the Nucleus cuneatus or nucleus gracilis

A

1st order neuron

64
Q

Post synapse the fibers decussate (cross) and travel contralaterallyvia the Medial Lemniscus through the pons, midbrain and synapseat the thalamus (VPL nucleus)

A

second order neuron

65
Q

Fibers from the thalamus then travel to the appropriate location on the primary somatosensory cortex

A

third order neurons

66
Q

which fasciculus is used for UE and LE?

A

fasciculus cuneatus= UE

fasciculus gracilis= LE

67
Q

name the 3 anterolateral pathways

A

spinothalamic**
spinoreticular
spinomesencephalic

68
Q

spinothalamic tract processes sensations of what?

A

pain
temperature
crude touch

69
Q

what are the sensory receptors of the spinothalamic pathway?

A

free nerve endings

70
Q

Enter spinal cord and synapse immediately in gray matter of spinal cord

A

first order neurons of spinothalamic

71
Q

Cross spinal cord immediately via anterior commuisure

and ascend through spinothalamic tract until reahcing theVPL nucleus of the thalamus.

A

2nd order neurons of spinothalamic

72
Q

Synapse with the primary somatosensory cortex in postcentral gyrus

A

3rd order neurons of spinothalamic

73
Q

what is the gate control theory?

A

If mechanical afferents MORE active – closes

the gate to nociceptiveinput.

74
Q

Inhibit nociceptive signals by stimulation of nonnociceptive receptors

A

counterirritant theory

75
Q

counterirritant theory occurs in which horn?

A

dorsal horn

76
Q

counterirritant theory: In theory branches from the mechanoreceptorpathway synapse with an interneuron that
activate to release ________

A

enkephalins

77
Q

temperature sensation is Detected by _________ of _______ myelinated and unmyelinated neurons

A

free nerve endings

small

78
Q

Enkephalins depress release of Substance P

which inhibits the transmission of nociceptivesignals

A

counterirritant theory

79
Q

which fibers carry impulse for cooling?

A

A y fibers

80
Q

which fibers carry info for heating?

A

C fibers

Neuro Exam 2 (5 decks)

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