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Neuro Exam 2 > Cognition and Language > Flashcards

Cognition and Language Flashcards

1
Q

anatomic substrate of unit 1- luria model

A

reticular activating system

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2
Q

function of unit 1- luria model

A

arousal

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3
Q

impairments of unit 1

A

fluctuating responsiveness
decreased vigilance
becomes exhausted by minimal activity
fatigue

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4
Q

RAS comprises of what parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla has descending RAS system

pons and midbrain have ascending RAS

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5
Q

function of reticular formation

A

specific sensory input
maintains muscle tone of “antigravity muscles”
assists in regulation of respiration and heart rate
modulates sense of pain

basic functions of life

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6
Q

anatomic substrate of unit II

A

cerebral cortex

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7
Q

function of unit II

A

information processing (sensory, motor, visual, vestibular)

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8
Q

unit II impairments

A

problems with associating simple input

in different zones

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9
Q

unit III anatomic substrate

A

frontal lobe

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10
Q

unit III function

A

executive functions

where all the motor planning gets put together

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11
Q

unit III impairments

A

these people curse at you: behavior issues, difficulty motor planning and putting things together in sequence

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12
Q

how do the 3 units work together? what do they do?

A

unit 1: provides necessary cortical tone (able and alert)
unit 2: analyzes and synthesizes
unit 3: interaction, regulation, verification

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13
Q

association cortices are divided into:

A

unimodal (modality- specific)

heteromodal (higher order)

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14
Q

formulates motor programs involving multiple joints

somatosensory, visual, auditory, premotor, supplementary motor

A

unimodal (modality specific)

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15
Q

example of unimodal

A

motor programs like walking, riding a bike

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16
Q

What are the 3 units in Luria’s brain model?

A

1- RAS
2- Cerebral Cortex
3- Frontal lobes

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17
Q

heteromodal- higher order allows for what?

A

higher order- mental functions

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18
Q

heteromodal- multimodal does what

A

personal bubble

  • requires integration of vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs
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19
Q

multimodal association cortex is made up of?

A

lateral association cortex (posterior and anterior)

basomedial (limbic) association cortex

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20
Q

lateral- posterior association cortex does?

A

spatial cognition

facial recognition

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21
Q

lateral-anterior association area does what?

A

neural substrates for planning, foresight, insight, empathy, altruism, abstract reasoning, self-awareness and governing of emotion

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22
Q

also called contingency planning

A

executive function

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23
Q

nonsocial behaviors are mediated by

A

anterior association cortex

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24
Q

social behaviors are mediated by

A

limbic association cortex

25
Q

basomedial )limbic) association cortex is involved with

A

emotional processing, performance evaluation and optimization

26
Q

basomedial (limbic) association cortex plays a role in

A

problem solving, error recognition and anticipation

27
Q

alert and oriented x3

A

person place time

28
Q

wernicke’s area is responsible for

A

language processing
comprehension
this series of sounds= words

29
Q

where is wernicke’s area located?

A

posterior 2/3 of superior temporal gyrus

30
Q

wernicke’s has connections to what 2 lobes?

A

parietal and temporal

31
Q

broca’s area does what?

A

motor program that produces words and sentences

32
Q

broca’s area connects to what lobe

A

frontal lobe

33
Q

listening and replying to speech

6 structures:

A

primary auditory cortex –> secondary auditory cortex –> wernicke’s area –> subcortical connections –> Broca’s area –> oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex

34
Q

primary auditory cortex (1 of 6)

A

auditory discrimination

35
Q

secondary auditory cortex (2 of 6)

A

classification of sounds

language vs. other sounds

36
Q

wernickes area (3 of 6)

A

auditory comprehension

vocabulary

37
Q

subcortical connections (4 of 6)

A

link wernicke’s and broca’s area

38
Q

broca’s area (5 of 6)

A

instructions for language output

39
Q

oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex

6 of 6

A

cortical output to speech muscles

40
Q

Acquired impairment of the ability to

communicate through speech, writing, or gestures.

A

aphasia

41
Q

Symptoms:
Decreased fluency of spontaneous speech
Extreme difficulty naming items
Phrase length fewer than 5 words
# content words exceeds # function words
Prosody (rhythm, stress, intonation) lacking in speech production
Comprehension is intact

A

broca’s aphasia

42
Q

monotone

they know what they want to say but can’t say it

A

broca’s aphasia

43
Q

Speech is empty, meaningless, and full of nonsensical errors
(inappropriate substitutions)
• Examples – saying “ink” instead of “pen” or “bus” instead of “taxi”
• Examples – saying “pish” instead of “fish” or “rot” instead of “rock”

A

wernicke’s aphasia

44
Q

do not respond correctly

not processing what they are hearing

A

wernicke’s aphasia

45
Q

Impaired Fluency

– Impaired Comprehension– Impaired Repetition

A

global aphasia

46
Q

Normal fluency
– Normal comprehension– Naming impaired
– Impaired repetition

A

conduction aphasia

47
Q

common etiology in middle cerebral artery

A

broca’s aphasia

48
Q

common etiology is infarct to left MCA

A

wernicke’s aphasia

49
Q

Infarct/lesion in the peri-Sylvian area thatinterrupts the arcuate fasciculus

A

conduction aphasia

50
Q

difficulty naming objects and repeating what they hear

A

conduction aphasia

51
Q

Resembles Broca’s, Wernicke’s, or Global

Repetition spared

A

transcortical aphasia

52
Q

watershed infarct

A

transcortical aphasia

53
Q

Impaired fluency

• Normal Comprehension• Spared Repetition

A

transcortical motor aphasia

54
Q

Normal fluency

• Impaired comprehension• Intact repetition

A

transcortical sensory aphasia

55
Q

Impaired fluency
• Impaired comprehension
Intact repetition

A

transcortical mixed aphasia

56
Q

Impaired ability to swallow

• Pathology – usually brain stem involvement

A

dysphagia

57
Q

Impairment in the oral production of speechdue to CNS or PNS lesion causing weakness, paralysis, or incoordination of the speech
musculature.

A

dysarthria

58
Q

automatic repetition of sounds, words, phrases, or sentences that have just been
heard.

A

echolalia

Neuro Exam 2 (5 decks)

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