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Somatic Symptom Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

DSM-5- Somatic Disorders trigger

A

anxiety

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2
Q

factitious disorder aka

A

manchausen

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3
Q

factitious disorder define, difficulty _____

A

false production of illness/injury

-hard to diagnose

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4
Q

what percent die from manchausen by proxy symptoms?

A

6-30% die

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5
Q

How many are disfigured or impaired by manchausen symptoms?

A

8%

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6
Q

define conversion disorder

A

physical symptoms are inconsistent with medical disorders

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7
Q

give example of conversion disorder

A

after a trauma, person experiences paralysis that is not related to physical cause

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8
Q

what disorder is glove anesthesia associated with?

A

conversion disorder

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9
Q

what are people with conversion disorder susceptible to?

A

hypnosis and suggestibility

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10
Q

how many patients display symptoms with no physical causes?

A

17%

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11
Q

what is the difference in gender in regards to conversion disorder?

A

2x more in women

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12
Q

when in lifespan does conversion disorder begin?

A

late childhood and young adulthood

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13
Q

what is conversion disorder in response to usually?

A

extreme stress that lasts weeks

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14
Q

How common is conversion disorder?

A

rare, 5/1000

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15
Q

Bartholomew considered mass hysteria to be a form of what disorder

A

conversion disorder

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16
Q

basic definition of somatic symptom disorder - 2- Excess ____ about _____ symptoms. Disrupts _____

A
  • excessive anxiety about bodily symptoms

- disrupts life

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17
Q

what are the 2 kinds of somatic symptom disorder?

A

somatization pattern and predominant pain pattern

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18
Q

what is somatization pattern? 3

A
  • no identifiable physical basis for symptoms.
  • Exaggerated emotions and behaviors, their life is disrupted by these.
  • Goes from Dr to Dr.
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19
Q

how common is somatization pattern?

A

4%

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20
Q

somatization pattern is aka?

A

Briquet’s syndrome

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21
Q

what gender experiences somatization pattern more?

A

women .2-2%

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22
Q

is somatization pattern genetic?

A

20% of close female relatives develop pattern

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23
Q

when does somatization pattern begin

A

adolescents and young adulthood

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24
Q

Define predominant pain pattern

A

patient experiences extreme pain, disruption caused by pain is disproportionate.

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25
Q

when does a predominant pain pattern usually occur?

A

after a serious accident or illness

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26
Q

what are conversion and somatic disorders in response to?

A

responses to severe stress, to escape stress

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27
Q

how are conversion and somatic disorders similar?

A

They can occur at the same time, they are treated in similar ways.

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28
Q

name 3 symptoms of somatic system disorder.

A
  • at least one upsetting and repeated disruptive symptom
  • unreasonable thoughts and behavior
  • 6 months plus spend on excess energy towards disorder
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29
Q

unfortunately, many ‘hysterical disorders’ are often _____

A

poorly understood, misunderstood

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30
Q

Psychodynamic View, Freud, of conversion and somatic system disorder

A

needs of a girl in the phallic stage, Electra complex. dont learn how to handle anxiety.

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31
Q

Electra complex: define. What stage? age?

A

phallic stage, age 3-5, girls. Sexual attraction to father, compete with mother.

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32
Q

Psychodynamic/Freud: give an example of when someone would experience conversion disorder.

A

In fear of expressing anger, converts anger into physical paralysis in arm.

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33
Q

what is secondary gain?

A

sympathy from others

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34
Q

non-Freud, contemporary Psychodynamic’s view of conversion disorder

A

anxiety as physical pain

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35
Q

Explain cognitive-behavioral view of conversion and somatic disorders.

A

physical symptoms are rewarded via reinforcement.

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36
Q

give an example of a way conversion disorder is reinforced with rewards

A

physical pain creates distance from unpleasant relationships

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37
Q

true or false: cognitive-behavioral view of conversion/somatic disorders is supported by research.

A

False bitch

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38
Q

what is malingering?

A

intentionally feigning illness for some external gain, such as financial compensation.

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39
Q

Does factitious disorder seem to have an apparent goal?

A

no

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40
Q

malingering and factitious disorders both have ___ control of symptoms.

A

voluntary control

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41
Q

The cognitive view of conversion and somatic disorders propose that these disorders are forms of communication. What does that mean?

A

express emotions what would otherwise be difficult to display. Physical language is familiar and comfortable.

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42
Q

non-western culture: is it common to have somatic complaints?

A

yes, very common in non-western culture.

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43
Q

which USA ethnic group shows the most somatic symptoms?

A

Hispanic Americans.

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44
Q

What is western bias?

A

bias that sees somatic reactions as an inferior way of dealing with emotions.

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45
Q

People in Latin America seem to display the most ____ reactions.

A

somatic.

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46
Q

do people with conversion or somatic disorders seek therapy? 4

A
  • Usually not
  • they seek therapy only as a last resort.
  • bounce from medical dr to medical dr.
  • believe their symptoms are not mentally related
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47
Q

3 things therapists that focus on cause of disorder do:

A
  • insight into causes
  • exposure, overcoming trauma
  • drug therapy, antidepressants
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48
Q

3 things that therapists that focus on the symptoms do:

A
  • educate, explain disorder
  • reinforcement- increase rewards for healthy behavior
  • cognitive restructuring, focus on replacing unhealthy thoughts with accurate ones
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49
Q

what is cognitive restructuring?

A

replacing unhealthy thoughts with accurate ones.

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50
Q

what is the confrontational approach?

A

forwardly telling patient that their bodily symptoms are without medical basis.

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51
Q

describe illness anxiety disorder

A

convinced that they have or are developing a serious medical illness, despite the absence of somatic symptoms.

52
Q

what is another term for hypochondriac?

A

illness anxiety disorder

53
Q

name three characteristics of someone that has illness anxiety disorder.

A
  1. preoccupation and anxiety about getting illness
  2. no existing illness symptoms
  3. engage in health practices to prevent specific illnesses that they are anxious about
54
Q

What is the percentage of all people who experience illness anxiety disorder?

A

1-5%

55
Q

who is more likely to develop illness anxiety disorder? -2 item answer

A

equal amounts in men and women, most in early adulthood

56
Q

what is main way to treat illness anxiety disorder?

A

medication, antidepressants. slows rumination. Is like OCD.

57
Q

what is a popular term for psychological factors affecting other medical conditions?

A

psychophysiological

58
Q

what is psychophysiological disorder? Mostly due to ____

A

psychological factors affect other medical conditions, stress mostly.

59
Q

in psychophysiological disorders, psychological factors may cause:

A

significant medical symptoms, serious physical damage.

60
Q

what are three main aspects of humanity that play a role in psychophysiological disorders?

A

biological, psychological, and social factors

61
Q

what are the six main psychophysiological disorders?

A
  1. Ulcers
  2. asthma
  3. insomnia
  4. chronic headaches
  5. migraines
  6. hypertension
62
Q

how many suffer from ulcers? how many die from?

A

25 million people per year suffer from and 6500 deaths

63
Q

how many people suffer from asthma?

A

25 million

64
Q

how many suffer from insomnia?

A

30% of population, 10% lasts months or years

65
Q

how many people suffer from migraines?

A

25 million

66
Q

what is a tension headache and how many people suffer from them?

A

when muscles around the skull tighten, narrowing blood vessels. 45 million per year.

67
Q

what is hypertension? How many have?

A

chronic high blood pressure. 75 million people have it.

68
Q

what is essential hypertension?

A

combo of psychological and physiological factors

69
Q

how many cases of hypertension come from physiological factors alone?

A

ten percent

70
Q

what is myocardial infarction?

A

heart attack

71
Q

how many deaths from coronary heart disease each year?

A

7.3 million, 40% of all deaths. Leading cause of death for men and women.

72
Q

what are three behaviors that people engage in to reduce stress?

A

80%- watch tv, read, music
68%- cellphone
50%- video games

73
Q

what percentage of people engage in self harm to reduce effects of stress?

A

1%

74
Q

what are two biological factors for psychophysiological disorders?

A

genetics- specific bio problems.

ANS autonomic nervous system

75
Q

what are two psychological factors for psychophysiological disorders?

A

personality type and coping styles

76
Q

men with repressive coping style tend to have particularly sharp rise in

A

blood pressure

77
Q

describe type A personality

A

consistently angry, cynical, driven, impatient, competitive, ambitious, hostile, sense of urgency

78
Q

describe type B personality

A

more relaxed, less aggressive, less concerned about time

79
Q

which personality type produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease?

A

Type A personalities

80
Q

sociocultural factors for psychophysiological disorder

A

poverty, discrimination, dangerous environments, lack of adequate healthcare

81
Q

what is the social readjustment rating scale?

what is name of measurement

A

assigns numerical values to stresses that most people experience. LCU- life change units

82
Q

what is the most stressful event on the social readjustment rating scale?

A

death of a spouse

83
Q

What is an LCU?

A

Life Change Units on the social adjustment rating scale

84
Q

what is a 125 LCU considered?

A

a considerable amount of stress

85
Q

what if a person had a 300 LCU?

A

likely to develop health problems.

86
Q

_____ Americans experience greater stress than white Americans.

A

African Americans.

87
Q

High amounts of stress is linked to

A

physical illness

88
Q

what is psychoneuroimmunology? 3

A

links between psychosocial stress, the immune system, and health

89
Q

characteristics of people that display fictitious disorders (4)

A
  • no external rewards
  • need for attention
  • have fundamental medical knowledge
  • extensive medical treatment as child
90
Q

what are antigens?

A

foreign invaders: bacteria, virus, cancer

91
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

white blood cells, help body overcome invaders

92
Q

what are helper T-cells?

A

identifies antigens, triggers immune cells

93
Q

natural killer T-cells, what are?

A

seeks out and destroys body cells that have already been infected

94
Q

what are B cells?

A

produces antibodies, protein molecules that recognize antigens and mark them for destruction.

95
Q

How does stress interfere with lymphocytes?

A

slows them down and increases susceptibility to infection

96
Q

what are macrophages?

A

big white blood cells in the immune system that attack the antigens

97
Q

what is diagnostic overshadowing?

A

patients with serious mental illness receive worse medical care than “normal” people

98
Q

what is described as the hidden human rights emergency?

A

diagnostic overshadowing.

99
Q

How many year earlier to serious mentally ill people die when using public healthcare?

A

25 years earlier

100
Q

What percentage of seriously mentally ill people die from treatable conditions?

A

60% die, number one killer is cardiovascular disease

101
Q

excessive activity of what neurotransmitter slows down the immune system?

A

norepinephrine

102
Q

if stress continues for an extended period of time, _____ travels to lymphocyte receptor and gives an ______ message, which slows immune functioning.

A

norepinephrine, inhibitory

103
Q

what are corticosteroids? aka

A

cortisol, stress hormone

104
Q

what is cortisol?

A

the stress hormone, contributes to poor immune system functioning

105
Q

what are cytokines?

A

proteins that bind to receptors. cortisol triggers production of

106
Q

why are extra cytokines bad?

A

lead to chronic inflammation, leads to heart disease

107
Q

stress may slow down the ____ system.

A

immune system

108
Q

what are the two stress pathways? what do they lead to?

A

ANS- Autonomic Nervous System

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal pathway, leads to chronic inflammation

109
Q

What are some bad behaviors that can result from stress?

A

sleep badly, eat poorly, exercise less, smoke and drink more, slow down the immune system

110
Q

What personality style remains healthy after stressful events?

A

hardy or resilient

111
Q

men with a general sense of hopelessness die at ____ average rates

A

above

112
Q

women typically release more ____ hormones than men, so have poorer _____ system functiong

A

stress hormones, poorer immune system functioning.

113
Q

Laughter decreases _____, a natural ____ cell activity

A

stress, killer cell

114
Q

Spiritual people tend to be _____

A

healthier

115
Q

people who have few ____ supports and feel ____ tend to have poorer_____ functioning in the face of stress

A

social supports, lonely, immune system

116
Q

what is behavioral medicine?

A

combines psychological and physical approaches to treat medical problems.

117
Q

What is biofeedback training aka?

A

EMG- electromyograph

118
Q

what is biofeedback training?

A

machinery gives them readings about bodily activities, to track physical responses

119
Q

what does EMG stand for

A

Electromyograph

120
Q

What does cognitive interventions do for physical disorders?

A

teach new attitudes or cognitive responses.

121
Q

what does self-instruction training do?

A

therapist teaches patient to identify and rid themselves of unpleasant thoughts, replace with coping self statements

122
Q

give an example of coping self statement

A

when pain comes, just pause; keep focusing on what you have to do

123
Q

discussion and writing down past and present emotions may help…

A

improve health and psychological function

124
Q

What are combination approaches?

A

ex: relaxation and bio feedback training: equally helpful in high BP

125
Q

combination interventions have also been helpful in changing __ _ personalities

A

type a personalities

126
Q

today’s clinicians believe that ____ and ____ factors contribute to virtually physical ailments

A

psychological and sociocultural

127
Q

game-playing was found to be more effective at _____ than anti-anxiety drugs., better ____ outcomes

A

relaxing, better surgical outcomes

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