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Ch 11. Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

western society equates ____ with health and beauty

A

thinness

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2
Q

in the USA, _____ has become an obsession

A

thinness

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3
Q

define anorexia nervosa

A

maintains a significantly low body weight, fears of becoming overweight, distorted view of body and self

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4
Q

define restricting-type anorexia nervosa

A

pattern of restricting intake of food

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5
Q

define binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa

A

force self to vomit, abuse laxatives, eating binges`

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6
Q

what percent of anorexia occurs in females?

A

95%

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7
Q

what is the peak age of onset of anorexia?

A

14-20 years old

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8
Q

how many females in the western world develop anorexia?

A

.5-4%

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9
Q

what may anorexia develop after in ones life?

A

a stressful event

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10
Q

how many die from anorexia?

A

2-6%

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11
Q

what 2 main forms of death from anorexia?

A

suicide and starvation

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12
Q

what provides motivation for anorexia?

A

fear of obesity

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13
Q

people with anorexia are preoccupied with____

A

food

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14
Q

people with anorexia think in ____ ways

A

distorted

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15
Q

give an example of a distorted way of thinking in regards to anorexia

A

have a low opinion of their body, overestimate their bodily proportions

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16
Q

distorted thinking with anorexia also takes form of _____ attitudes and _____

A

maladaptive attitudes and misperceptions

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17
Q

people with anorexia also have psychological problems such as: 4

A

depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, insomnia (also substance abuse and ocd)

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18
Q

what is amenorrhea? happens with what?

A

absence of menstrual cycles, happens with anorexia

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19
Q

medical problems also associated with anorexia: 5

A

low body temp, low bp, swelling, reduced bone density, slow heart rate, death by heart failure or circulatory collapse

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20
Q

what is lanugo? what is is associated with?

A

fine, silky hair that covers some newborns, associated with anorexia

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21
Q

what is bulimia nervosa aka?

A

binge-purge syndrome

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22
Q

define bulimia

A

repeated episodes of uncontrollable overeating (binges) for often two hours

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23
Q

what compensatory behaviors come with bulimia?

A

force vomit, misuse laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercising

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24
Q

how many cases of bulimia occur in females?

A

90-95%

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25
what age does bulimia begin?
15-20 years old
26
what percentage of global students report binge eating or induced vomiting?
20-25 percent of all students
27
how many women in the western world develop bulimia?
5%
28
how many binges per week (bulimia)
1-30
29
most cases, binges are carried out in _____
secret
30
what is the average amount of calories consumed in a bulimic binge?
3400 calories
31
what feelings follow a bulimic binge?
self-blame, shame, guilt, depression
32
vomiting actually fails to prevent the _____ of half of the _____ consumed
absorption of calories
33
repeated vomiting affects one's general ability to feel _____
satiated
34
bulimia pattern typically begins after period of dieting which earned ______
praise from family members
35
both bulimia and anorexia have heightened risk for: 2
suicide attempts and substance abuse.
36
what is body dissatisfaction?
people who evaluate their weight and shape negatively
37
how many girls experience body dissatisfaction?
73% of girls
38
how many boys experience body dissatisfaction?
56% of boys
39
people with bulimia are more likely to have long histories of ____ _____ and display characteristics of a ________ disorder
mood swings, personality disorder
40
frequent vomiting or chronic diarrhea can cause dangerous ______ deficiencies
potassium
41
define binge-eating disorder
repeated eating binges during which they feel no control over eating
42
how many with binge-eating disorder become overweight or obese?
2/3
43
what percentage of the population have a binge-eating disorder?
2-7%
44
are there gender differences in the prevalence of binge-eating disorders?
no large differences
45
3 items in multidimensional risk perspective to explain eating disorders
psychological, biological, sociocultural
46
Hilde Bruch is a pioneer in which field of study in relation to eating disorders
psychodynamic, ego deficiencies
47
turbed mother daughter interactions lead to serious __ ______ and perceptual disturbances
ego deficiences
48
define ego deficiencies in regard to eating disorders
poor sense of judgement and control
49
effective parents accurately ____ children's needs
attend to
50
ineffective parents ________ childs needs
fail to attend
51
ineffective parents create a child who is _____ of their own needs
unaware
52
what is "model children"?
unable to rely on internal signals, turn to external guides, fail to develop self-reliance
53
has research supported Bruch's theory of ego deficiencies?
some research has supported the theory
54
what is alexithymic?
difficulty putting descriptive labels on their feelings
55
what is broad cognitive distortion?
basis of eating disorder, judges themselves based on their body
56
what is the core pathology of eating disorders?
broad cognition distortion, judge themselves based on their body
57
what are dark sites?
promote abnormal and destructive behavior
58
what is pro-ana?
pro-anorexia websites
59
how many pro-ana websites are there?
they greatly outnumber pro-recovery websites
60
many people with an eating disorder qualify for a clinical diagnosis of ____ _____ ____
major depressive disorder
61
close relatives of people with eating disorders have a higher rate of
depressive disorders
62
people with eating disorders have low activity of
neurotransmitter serotonin
63
relatives of people with eating disorder are ___ times more likely to develop the disorder themselves
six times more likely
64
% of identical twins both having anorexia
70%
65
% of identical twins both having bulimia
23%
66
% of fraternal twins having bulimia
9%
67
low serotonin contributes directly to eating disorders by causing the body to crave and binge on ___ ____ ____
high carb foods
68
what does the hypothalamus do?
regulate bodily functions
69
what does the lateral hypothalamus do? LH
produces hunger when activated
70
what does the ventromedial hypothalamus do? VMH
reduces hunger when it is activated, bottom middle of hypothalamus
71
name 2 bran chemicals that are natural appetite suppressants
cholecystokinin CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1
72
what three things combined makes a weight thermostat?
hypothalamus, CCK, GLP-1
73
what is a weight set point?
keeping an individual at a particular weight level
74
what determines each person's weight set point?
genetics and early eating practices
75
what is metabolic rate?
the rate at which the body expends energy
76
when body falls under weight set point, the brain starts trying to _____ ___ ___
restore lost weight
77
when extra weight is lost, the hypothalamus produces a preoccupation with ___ and a desire to _____
food, binge
78
what percent of female college athletes have an eating disorder?
9%
79
how many gymnasts have an eating disorder?
33%
80
what percent of middle school girls are currently dieting?
61%
81
what is the enmeshed family pattern?
over-involved in each others lives
82
what percentage of males accounts for people with anorexia and bulimia?
5-10%
83
why do some men develop anorexia or bulimia?
requirements and pressures of a job or sport
84
what is reverse anorexia or muscle dysmorphobia?
muscular but still see themselves as scrawny
85
when is tube and intravenous feedings used?
life threatening cases, patient who refuses to eat
86
what does behavioral weight-restoration do?
offer rewards when eating properly
87
which weight-restoration technique is most popular?
supportive nursing care
88
what is supportive nursing care?
nutritional counseling, gradually increase patients diet
89
what is motivational interviewing?
motivates clients to make constructive choices, 8-12 weeks
90
what combo (3) creates a lasting improvement?
education, psychotherapy, family therapy
91
behavioral therapy for eating disorders has the patient keep a _______, also taught alternative ways of ______
diary of food intake, hunger, feelings, and ties; coping
92
cognitive therapy for eating disorders are taught to identify core pathology, which is
the deep-seated belief that they should in fact be judged by their shape and weight, taught alternative ways to cope
93
cognitive-behavioral therapists help clients with anorexia change their ______ about eating and weight
attitudes
94
deaths related to anorexia are usually caused by 5
suicide, starvation, infection, gastro problems, electrolyte imbalance
95
what percent of people with anorexia remain troubled for years
25%`
96
how many recovered anorexic patients have recurrences
1/3
97
the two most helpful treatments for bulimia
cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressants
98
behavioral techniques to help bulimia
keep diary of eating behaviors
99
what does exposure and response prevention do to help break the bulimic cycle
patient eats foods and therapist prevents them from vomiting
100
cognitive techniques to help with bulimia
change maladaptive attitudes
101
how many bulimic patients are helped by cognitive-behavioral approaches?
65%
102
interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia
improve interpersonal fucntioning
103
group formats are helpful for what percentage of people with bulimia
75%
104
__% of patients reduce their binges by __% , and vomiting by __% due to antidepressants
40%, 67%, 56%
105
treatment for bulimia helps what percentage of patients?
40% (immediate) - 85% (long term)
106
relapse can be a problem for eating disorders, usually triggered by
new life stress

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