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psych > Ch 11. Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 11. Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

western society equates ____ with health and beauty

A

thinness

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2
Q

in the USA, _____ has become an obsession

A

thinness

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3
Q

define anorexia nervosa

A

maintains a significantly low body weight, fears of becoming overweight, distorted view of body and self

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4
Q

define restricting-type anorexia nervosa

A

pattern of restricting intake of food

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5
Q

define binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa

A

force self to vomit, abuse laxatives, eating binges`

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6
Q

what percent of anorexia occurs in females?

A

95%

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7
Q

what is the peak age of onset of anorexia?

A

14-20 years old

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8
Q

how many females in the western world develop anorexia?

A

.5-4%

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9
Q

what may anorexia develop after in ones life?

A

a stressful event

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10
Q

how many die from anorexia?

A

2-6%

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11
Q

what 2 main forms of death from anorexia?

A

suicide and starvation

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12
Q

what provides motivation for anorexia?

A

fear of obesity

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13
Q

people with anorexia are preoccupied with____

A

food

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14
Q

people with anorexia think in ____ ways

A

distorted

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15
Q

give an example of a distorted way of thinking in regards to anorexia

A

have a low opinion of their body, overestimate their bodily proportions

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16
Q

distorted thinking with anorexia also takes form of _____ attitudes and _____

A

maladaptive attitudes and misperceptions

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17
Q

people with anorexia also have psychological problems such as: 4

A

depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, insomnia (also substance abuse and ocd)

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18
Q

what is amenorrhea? happens with what?

A

absence of menstrual cycles, happens with anorexia

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19
Q

medical problems also associated with anorexia: 5

A

low body temp, low bp, swelling, reduced bone density, slow heart rate, death by heart failure or circulatory collapse

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20
Q

what is lanugo? what is is associated with?

A

fine, silky hair that covers some newborns, associated with anorexia

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21
Q

what is bulimia nervosa aka?

A

binge-purge syndrome

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22
Q

define bulimia

A

repeated episodes of uncontrollable overeating (binges) for often two hours

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23
Q

what compensatory behaviors come with bulimia?

A

force vomit, misuse laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercising

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24
Q

how many cases of bulimia occur in females?

A

90-95%

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25
Q

what age does bulimia begin?

A

15-20 years old

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26
Q

what percentage of global students report binge eating or induced vomiting?

A

20-25 percent of all students

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27
Q

how many women in the western world develop bulimia?

A

5%

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28
Q

how many binges per week (bulimia)

A

1-30

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29
Q

most cases, binges are carried out in _____

A

secret

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30
Q

what is the average amount of calories consumed in a bulimic binge?

A

3400 calories

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31
Q

what feelings follow a bulimic binge?

A

self-blame, shame, guilt, depression

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32
Q

vomiting actually fails to prevent the _____ of half of the _____ consumed

A

absorption of calories

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33
Q

repeated vomiting affects one’s general ability to feel _____

A

satiated

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34
Q

bulimia pattern typically begins after period of dieting which earned ______

A

praise from family members

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35
Q

both bulimia and anorexia have heightened risk for: 2

A

suicide attempts and substance abuse.

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36
Q

what is body dissatisfaction?

A

people who evaluate their weight and shape negatively

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37
Q

how many girls experience body dissatisfaction?

A

73% of girls

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38
Q

how many boys experience body dissatisfaction?

A

56% of boys

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39
Q

people with bulimia are more likely to have long histories of ____ _____ and display characteristics of a ________ disorder

A

mood swings, personality disorder

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40
Q

frequent vomiting or chronic diarrhea can cause dangerous ______ deficiencies

A

potassium

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41
Q

define binge-eating disorder

A

repeated eating binges during which they feel no control over eating

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42
Q

how many with binge-eating disorder become overweight or obese?

A

2/3

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43
Q

what percentage of the population have a binge-eating disorder?

A

2-7%

44
Q

are there gender differences in the prevalence of binge-eating disorders?

A

no large differences

45
Q

3 items in multidimensional risk perspective to explain eating disorders

A

psychological, biological, sociocultural

46
Q

Hilde Bruch is a pioneer in which field of study in relation to eating disorders

A

psychodynamic, ego deficiencies

47
Q

turbed mother daughter interactions lead to serious __ ______ and perceptual disturbances

A

ego deficiences

48
Q

define ego deficiencies in regard to eating disorders

A

poor sense of judgement and control

49
Q

effective parents accurately ____ children’s needs

A

attend to

50
Q

ineffective parents ________ childs needs

A

fail to attend

51
Q

ineffective parents create a child who is _____ of their own needs

A

unaware

52
Q

what is “model children”?

A

unable to rely on internal signals, turn to external guides, fail to develop self-reliance

53
Q

has research supported Bruch’s theory of ego deficiencies?

A

some research has supported the theory

54
Q

what is alexithymic?

A

difficulty putting descriptive labels on their feelings

55
Q

what is broad cognitive distortion?

A

basis of eating disorder, judges themselves based on their body

56
Q

what is the core pathology of eating disorders?

A

broad cognition distortion, judge themselves based on their body

57
Q

what are dark sites?

A

promote abnormal and destructive behavior

58
Q

what is pro-ana?

A

pro-anorexia websites

59
Q

how many pro-ana websites are there?

A

they greatly outnumber pro-recovery websites

60
Q

many people with an eating disorder qualify for a clinical diagnosis of ____ _____ ____

A

major depressive disorder

61
Q

close relatives of people with eating disorders have a higher rate of

A

depressive disorders

62
Q

people with eating disorders have low activity of

A

neurotransmitter serotonin

63
Q

relatives of people with eating disorder are ___ times more likely to develop the disorder themselves

A

six times more likely

64
Q

% of identical twins both having anorexia

A

70%

65
Q

% of identical twins both having bulimia

A

23%

66
Q

% of fraternal twins having bulimia

A

9%

67
Q

low serotonin contributes directly to eating disorders by causing the body to crave and binge on ___ ____ ____

A

high carb foods

68
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A

regulate bodily functions

69
Q

what does the lateral hypothalamus do? LH

A

produces hunger when activated

70
Q

what does the ventromedial hypothalamus do? VMH

A

reduces hunger when it is activated, bottom middle of hypothalamus

71
Q

name 2 bran chemicals that are natural appetite suppressants

A

cholecystokinin CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1

72
Q

what three things combined makes a weight thermostat?

A

hypothalamus, CCK, GLP-1

73
Q

what is a weight set point?

A

keeping an individual at a particular weight level

74
Q

what determines each person’s weight set point?

A

genetics and early eating practices

75
Q

what is metabolic rate?

A

the rate at which the body expends energy

76
Q

when body falls under weight set point, the brain starts trying to _____ ___ ___

A

restore lost weight

77
Q

when extra weight is lost, the hypothalamus produces a preoccupation with ___ and a desire to _____

A

food, binge

78
Q

what percent of female college athletes have an eating disorder?

A

9%

79
Q

how many gymnasts have an eating disorder?

A

33%

80
Q

what percent of middle school girls are currently dieting?

A

61%

81
Q

what is the enmeshed family pattern?

A

over-involved in each others lives

82
Q

what percentage of males accounts for people with anorexia and bulimia?

A

5-10%

83
Q

why do some men develop anorexia or bulimia?

A

requirements and pressures of a job or sport

84
Q

what is reverse anorexia or muscle dysmorphobia?

A

muscular but still see themselves as scrawny

85
Q

when is tube and intravenous feedings used?

A

life threatening cases, patient who refuses to eat

86
Q

what does behavioral weight-restoration do?

A

offer rewards when eating properly

87
Q

which weight-restoration technique is most popular?

A

supportive nursing care

88
Q

what is supportive nursing care?

A

nutritional counseling, gradually increase patients diet

89
Q

what is motivational interviewing?

A

motivates clients to make constructive choices, 8-12 weeks

90
Q

what combo (3) creates a lasting improvement?

A

education, psychotherapy, family therapy

91
Q

behavioral therapy for eating disorders has the patient keep a _______, also taught alternative ways of ______

A

diary of food intake, hunger, feelings, and ties; coping

92
Q

cognitive therapy for eating disorders are taught to identify core pathology, which is

A

the deep-seated belief that they should in fact be judged by their shape and weight, taught alternative ways to cope

93
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapists help clients with anorexia change their ______ about eating and weight

A

attitudes

94
Q

deaths related to anorexia are usually caused by 5

A

suicide, starvation, infection, gastro problems, electrolyte imbalance

95
Q

what percent of people with anorexia remain troubled for years

A

25%`

96
Q

how many recovered anorexic patients have recurrences

A

1/3

97
Q

the two most helpful treatments for bulimia

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressants

98
Q

behavioral techniques to help bulimia

A

keep diary of eating behaviors

99
Q

what does exposure and response prevention do to help break the bulimic cycle

A

patient eats foods and therapist prevents them from vomiting

100
Q

cognitive techniques to help with bulimia

A

change maladaptive attitudes

101
Q

how many bulimic patients are helped by cognitive-behavioral approaches?

A

65%

102
Q

interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia

A

improve interpersonal fucntioning

103
Q

group formats are helpful for what percentage of people with bulimia

A

75%

104
Q

__% of patients reduce their binges by __% , and vomiting by __% due to antidepressants

A

40%, 67%, 56%

105
Q

treatment for bulimia helps what percentage of patients?

A

40% (immediate) - 85% (long term)

106
Q

relapse can be a problem for eating disorders, usually triggered by

A

new life stress

psych (5 decks)

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