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Disorder Among Children and Teens Flashcards

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1
Q

what percent of students report being bullies frequently

A

25%

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2
Q

what percent of students report being bullied at least once

A

70%

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3
Q

what fraction of all children and teens in USA experience a diagnosable psychological disorder?

A

1/5, 20%

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4
Q

define bullying

A

repeated infliction of force, threats coercion in order to intimidate, hurt, or dominate another

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5
Q

list three main types of bullying

A

physical, verbal, relational/social (rumors, rejection)

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6
Q

what percent of bullying goes unreported

A

40%

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7
Q

what percent of kids and teens experience an anxiety disorder?

A

14-25%

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8
Q

serious symptoms of an anxiety disorder usually do not appear until what age?

A

7 years old

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9
Q

what does anxiety in young children typically look like?

A

behavioral and somatic symptoms, clingy, difficulty sleeping, stomach pains

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10
Q

what percent of children experience separation anxiety?

A

4%

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11
Q

separation anxiety may also take form of

A

school phobia or school refusal

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12
Q

what fraction of children with anxiety go untreated?

A

2/3

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13
Q

what type of therapies (2) do psychodynamic theorists use for children with anxiety?

A

play therapy (reveals conflicts and feelings) adn hypnotherapy

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14
Q

what symptoms is childhood depression commonly characterized by

A

somatic symptoms, headache, stomach pain, irritability, disinterest in toys and games

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15
Q

which gender is more likely to be depressed between 13-16?

A

girls 2x

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16
Q

why do female teenagers experience more depression in comparison to males?

A

hormones, more stressors, more emotionally invested

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17
Q

do antidepressants alone or cognitive-behavioral therapy alone work effectively in treating adolescent depression?

A

no, do not work alone, must be a combo

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18
Q

what are black box warnings?

A

antidepressants have an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children

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19
Q

how many children display bipolar disorder

A

1000/100,000

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20
Q

what symptom is missing from the new diagnostic trend of treating bipolar in kids

A

mania and mood swings

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21
Q

what new category was included in DSM-5 to rectify the over diagnosis of bipolar in kids?

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, describes children with severe rage

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22
Q

what symptoms make up oppositional defiant disorder?

A

argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, vindictive

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23
Q

what percent of children qualify as oppositional defiant disorder?

A

10%

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24
Q

what is conduct disorder?

A

more severe than oppositional defiant disorder, violate basic rights of others. cruel, destroy property, steal, lie, run away, rape, homicide

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25
Q

what percent of kids have conduct disorder? what age

A

10% of kids, 75% being boys, 7-15 yo

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26
Q

how many teens are incarcerated each year?

A

110,000

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27
Q

what is overt-destructive?

A

openly aggressive and confrontational

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28
Q

what is overt- nondestructive?

A

non-confrontational such as lying

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29
Q

what is covert-destructive?

A

secretive destructive behavior such as damaging property

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30
Q

what is covert non-destructive?

A

being truant from school

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31
Q

what are symptoms of relational aggression?

A

socially isolated, social misdeeds, spread rumors and slander, manipulate

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32
Q

define juvenile delinquent

A

8-18yo break the law

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33
Q

what is recidivists?

A

history of being arrested

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34
Q

what fraction of lgbtq kids have suffered harrassment?

A

9/10

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35
Q

what are 5 causes for conduct disorder?

A

genetic and biological factors, drug abuse, poverty, parent-child relationships

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36
Q

what are some sociocultural treatments for conduct disorder?

A

parent-child interaction, video modeling, parent management training

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37
Q

what is problem-solving skills training?

A

a child focused treatment for conduct disorder, teach kids constructive thinking and positive social behavior

38
Q

what is coping power program?

A

child focused treatment for conduct therapy, group therapy teaches how to manage anger effectively

39
Q

what kind of drugs may help reduce aggressive behaviors in kids?

A

stimulants

40
Q

what is the best hope for dealing with conduct disorder?

A

prevention

41
Q

what is enuresis?

A

bed-wetting or wetting clothes, at least 5 years old

42
Q

what percent of 5 yo with enuresis?

A

10%

43
Q

what percent of 10 yo with enuresis?

A

3-5%

44
Q

what is the bell and battery technique?

A

urine sets off bell, unconditioned stimulus, sensation of full bladder (conditioned stimulus) eventually awakens child

45
Q

what is dry-bed training

A

awaken child periodically throughout the night to practice going to the bathroom

46
Q

what is encopresis? age?

A

defecating in ones clothes, 4yo

47
Q

what percent of kids with encopresis?

A

1.5-3%, mostly boys, related to constipation

48
Q

what disorder if more prevalent in females?

A

separation anxiety disorder

49
Q

what is child abuse

A

excessive physical or psychological force by an adult on a child with intention of hurting or destroying

50
Q

what percent of kids are abused

A

5%

51
Q

what percent of kids are severely beaten??

A

10%, 1/10

52
Q

what is psychological abuse

A

severe rejection, excessive discipline, scapegoat, refusal to provide help for mental problems

53
Q

how many adult women were sexually abused during childhood?

A

13%

54
Q

how many men were sexually abused as a child?

A

4%

55
Q

what is the goal of early detection programs?

A

educate children about child abuse

56
Q

what are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

group of disabilities in the the functioning of the brain that emerge

57
Q

what is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

adhd, difficulty attending to tasks, behave overactive and impulsive

58
Q

three facts about adhd students and school

A

90% underachieve, many are suspended or expelled, 23-32% drop out

59
Q

what percent of kids have adhd, how many are boys

A

5%, 70% boys

60
Q

biological causes of adhd

A

abnormal dopamine, abnormal frontal striatal regions

61
Q

sociocultural causes of adhd

A

stress, family dysfunction

62
Q

what is methylphenidate

A

stimulant, ritalin

63
Q

how many kids are on ritalin? how many school kids are on ritalin

A

2.2 million, 3%

64
Q

what is a drug holiday

A

take periodic breaks from the meds

65
Q

describe autism spectrum disorder

A

extreme unresponsiveness to others, comm deficits, typically 3 yo, 1/68 kids have

66
Q

what percent of autism cases occur in boys

A

80%

67
Q

what is lack of responsiveness and social reciprocity?

A

aloof and lack interest in others

68
Q

what is echolalia

A

exact echoing of phrases by said by others

69
Q

delayed echolalia

A

repeats a sentence days after hearing it

70
Q

pronominal reversal

A

confusion of pronouns

71
Q

hypoactivity

A

nonreactive to loud noises

72
Q

what is social communication disorder

A

nonautistic , difficulties with communication, socializing

73
Q

what is theory of mind, aka

A

autism fails to develop, awareness of that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs , aka, mind blindness

74
Q

biological causes of autism

A

abnormal cerebellum (coordinates body movement), temporal and frontal lobes, event during/after pregnancy

75
Q

what is the final common pathway

A

neurotransmitters

76
Q

what is augmentative communication systems?

A

communication boards, represents objects or needs

77
Q

what fraction of people meet criteria of being intellectually disabled?

A

3/100

78
Q

what is the diagnosis of intellectual disability? ID

A

intellectual functioning well below 100, low iq under 70, before age 18

79
Q

characteristics of mild ID

A

50-70%, educable, 80-85% of ids

80
Q

characteristics of moderate id

A

10% of id, iq 35-49 clear deficits, need supervision

81
Q

describe severe id

A

deficits during infancy, 20-34 iq, careful supervision, 3-4%

82
Q

profound id

A

1-2%, below 20 iq, noticeable at birth, caregiver

83
Q

what is down syndrome and how many have it

A

chromosomal abnormality in 21, mother over 35, 1/1000

84
Q

what is trisomy

A

most common type of down syndrome, 94%, iq 35-55, early neurocognitive decline

85
Q

what is fragile x syndrome

A

child is typically shy and anxious, abnormal x chromosome

86
Q

what is the most common type of metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability

A

phenylketonuria, ptk, cannot break down amino acid phenylalanine, poisons the system

87
Q

what is tay sachs?

A

progressively lose mental functioning, 1/900 jewish couples, recessive genes

88
Q

what is cretinism

A

hypothyroidism, too little iodine

89
Q

what is anoxia

A

prolonged period without oxygen

90
Q

what are token economy programs

A

positive reinforcement for progress, operant conditioning for schizophrenics

psych (5 decks)

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