Disorder Among Children and Teens

Question 1

what percent of students report being bullies frequently

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

what percent of students report being bullied at least once

Answer 2

70%

Question 3

what fraction of all children and teens in USA experience a diagnosable psychological disorder?

Answer 3

1/5, 20%

Question 4

define bullying

Answer 4

repeated infliction of force, threats coercion in order to intimidate, hurt, or dominate another

Question 5

list three main types of bullying

Answer 5

physical, verbal, relational/social (rumors, rejection)

Question 6

what percent of bullying goes unreported

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

what percent of kids and teens experience an anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

14-25%

Question 8

serious symptoms of an anxiety disorder usually do not appear until what age?

Answer 8

7 years old

Question 9

what does anxiety in young children typically look like?

Answer 9

behavioral and somatic symptoms, clingy, difficulty sleeping, stomach pains

Question 10

what percent of children experience separation anxiety?

Answer 10

4%

Question 11

separation anxiety may also take form of

Answer 11

school phobia or school refusal

Question 12

what fraction of children with anxiety go untreated?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

what type of therapies (2) do psychodynamic theorists use for children with anxiety?

Answer 13

play therapy (reveals conflicts and feelings) adn hypnotherapy

Question 14

what symptoms is childhood depression commonly characterized by

Answer 14

somatic symptoms, headache, stomach pain, irritability, disinterest in toys and games

Question 15

which gender is more likely to be depressed between 13-16?

Answer 15

girls 2x

Question 16

why do female teenagers experience more depression in comparison to males?

Answer 16

hormones, more stressors, more emotionally invested

Question 17

do antidepressants alone or cognitive-behavioral therapy alone work effectively in treating adolescent depression?

Answer 17

no, do not work alone, must be a combo

Question 18

what are black box warnings?

Answer 18

antidepressants have an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children

Question 19

how many children display bipolar disorder

Answer 19

1000/100,000

Question 20

what symptom is missing from the new diagnostic trend of treating bipolar in kids

Answer 20

mania and mood swings

Question 21

what new category was included in DSM-5 to rectify the over diagnosis of bipolar in kids?

Answer 21

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, describes children with severe rage

Question 22

what symptoms make up oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 22

argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, vindictive

Question 23

what percent of children qualify as oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

what is conduct disorder?

Answer 24

more severe than oppositional defiant disorder, violate basic rights of others. cruel, destroy property, steal, lie, run away, rape, homicide

Question 25

what percent of kids have conduct disorder? what age

Answer 25

10% of kids, 75% being boys, 7-15 yo

Question 26

how many teens are incarcerated each year?

Answer 26

110,000

Question 27

what is overt-destructive?

Answer 27

openly aggressive and confrontational

Question 28

what is overt- nondestructive?

Answer 28

non-confrontational such as lying

Question 29

what is covert-destructive?

Answer 29

secretive destructive behavior such as damaging property

Question 30

what is covert non-destructive?

Answer 30

being truant from school

Question 31

what are symptoms of relational aggression?

Answer 31

socially isolated, social misdeeds, spread rumors and slander, manipulate

Question 32

define juvenile delinquent

Answer 32

8-18yo break the law

Question 33

what is recidivists?

Answer 33

history of being arrested

Question 34

what fraction of lgbtq kids have suffered harrassment?

Answer 34

9/10

Question 35

what are 5 causes for conduct disorder?

Answer 35

genetic and biological factors, drug abuse, poverty, parent-child relationships

Question 36

what are some sociocultural treatments for conduct disorder?

Answer 36

parent-child interaction, video modeling, parent management training

Question 37

what is problem-solving skills training?

Answer 37

a child focused treatment for conduct disorder, teach kids constructive thinking and positive social behavior

Question 38

what is coping power program?

Answer 38

child focused treatment for conduct therapy, group therapy teaches how to manage anger effectively

Question 39

what kind of drugs may help reduce aggressive behaviors in kids?

Answer 39

stimulants

Question 40

what is the best hope for dealing with conduct disorder?

Answer 40

prevention

Question 41

what is enuresis?

Answer 41

bed-wetting or wetting clothes, at least 5 years old

Question 42

what percent of 5 yo with enuresis?

Answer 42

10%

Question 43

what percent of 10 yo with enuresis?

Answer 43

3-5%

Question 44

what is the bell and battery technique?

Answer 44

urine sets off bell, unconditioned stimulus, sensation of full bladder (conditioned stimulus) eventually awakens child

Question 45

what is dry-bed training

Answer 45

awaken child periodically throughout the night to practice going to the bathroom

Question 46

what is encopresis? age?

Answer 46

defecating in ones clothes, 4yo

Question 47

what percent of kids with encopresis?

Answer 47

1.5-3%, mostly boys, related to constipation

Question 48

what disorder if more prevalent in females?

Answer 48

separation anxiety disorder

Question 49

what is child abuse

Answer 49

excessive physical or psychological force by an adult on a child with intention of hurting or destroying

Question 50

what percent of kids are abused

Answer 50

5%

Question 51

what percent of kids are severely beaten??

Answer 51

10%, 1/10

Question 52

what is psychological abuse

Answer 52

severe rejection, excessive discipline, scapegoat, refusal to provide help for mental problems

Question 53

how many adult women were sexually abused during childhood?

Answer 53

13%

Question 54

how many men were sexually abused as a child?

Answer 54

4%

Question 55

what is the goal of early detection programs?

Answer 55

educate children about child abuse

Question 56

what are neurodevelopmental disorders?

Answer 56

group of disabilities in the the functioning of the brain that emerge

Question 57

what is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 57

adhd, difficulty attending to tasks, behave overactive and impulsive

Question 58

three facts about adhd students and school

Answer 58

90% underachieve, many are suspended or expelled, 23-32% drop out

Question 59

what percent of kids have adhd, how many are boys

Answer 59

5%, 70% boys

Question 60

biological causes of adhd

Answer 60

abnormal dopamine, abnormal frontal striatal regions

Question 61

sociocultural causes of adhd

Answer 61

stress, family dysfunction

Question 62

what is methylphenidate

Answer 62

stimulant, ritalin

Question 63

how many kids are on ritalin? how many school kids are on ritalin

Answer 63

2.2 million, 3%

Question 64

what is a drug holiday

Answer 64

take periodic breaks from the meds

Question 65

describe autism spectrum disorder

Answer 65

extreme unresponsiveness to others, comm deficits, typically 3 yo, 1/68 kids have

Question 66

what percent of autism cases occur in boys

Answer 66

80%

Question 67

what is lack of responsiveness and social reciprocity?

Answer 67

aloof and lack interest in others

Question 68

what is echolalia

Answer 68

exact echoing of phrases by said by others

Question 69

delayed echolalia

Answer 69

repeats a sentence days after hearing it

Question 70

pronominal reversal

Answer 70

confusion of pronouns

Question 71

hypoactivity

Answer 71

nonreactive to loud noises

Question 72

what is social communication disorder

Answer 72

nonautistic , difficulties with communication, socializing

Question 73

what is theory of mind, aka

Answer 73

autism fails to develop, awareness of that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs , aka, mind blindness

Question 74

biological causes of autism

Answer 74

abnormal cerebellum (coordinates body movement), temporal and frontal lobes, event during/after pregnancy

Question 75

what is the final common pathway

Answer 75

neurotransmitters

Question 76

what is augmentative communication systems?

Answer 76

communication boards, represents objects or needs

Question 77

what fraction of people meet criteria of being intellectually disabled?

Answer 77

3/100

Question 78

what is the diagnosis of intellectual disability? ID

Answer 78

intellectual functioning well below 100, low iq under 70, before age 18

Question 79

characteristics of mild ID

Answer 79

50-70%, educable, 80-85% of ids

Question 80

characteristics of moderate id

Answer 80

10% of id, iq 35-49 clear deficits, need supervision

Question 81

describe severe id

Answer 81

deficits during infancy, 20-34 iq, careful supervision, 3-4%

Question 82

profound id

Answer 82

1-2%, below 20 iq, noticeable at birth, caregiver

Question 83

what is down syndrome and how many have it

Answer 83

chromosomal abnormality in 21, mother over 35, 1/1000

Question 84

what is trisomy

Answer 84

most common type of down syndrome, 94%, iq 35-55, early neurocognitive decline

Question 85

what is fragile x syndrome

Answer 85

child is typically shy and anxious, abnormal x chromosome

Question 86

what is the most common type of metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability

Answer 86

phenylketonuria, ptk, cannot break down amino acid phenylalanine, poisons the system

Question 87

what is tay sachs?

Answer 87

progressively lose mental functioning, 1/900 jewish couples, recessive genes

Question 88

what is cretinism

Answer 88

hypothyroidism, too little iodine

Question 89

what is anoxia

Answer 89

prolonged period without oxygen

Question 90

what are token economy programs

Answer 90

positive reinforcement for progress, operant conditioning for schizophrenics