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Medical Physiology > Somatic and ANS Basics > Flashcards

Somatic and ANS Basics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

functions of general somatic nervous system

A
  1. voluntary movement of skeleton
  2. somatic senses (pressure, touch, pain)
  3. respiratory movements (diaphragm, accessory)
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2
Q

functions of ANS

A
  1. maintain homeostasis via metabolism, digestion, excretion
  2. respond to changes in environment
  3. fight or flight
  4. sexual activity
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3
Q

what regulates nerves running to diaphragm

A

brain ANS regulatory systems INFLUENCE CNS which then influences somatic system nerves

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4
Q

describe PSNS neurons

A

long preganglionic, ganglion is on tissues, short postganglionic

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5
Q

describe SNS neurons

A

short pregang, gang in sympathetic gang, long post synaptic

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6
Q

advantage of short postgang efferects?

A

more selective pattern of activity

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7
Q

what do nicotininc receptors affect

A

Na and K conductance

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8
Q

what do muscarinic M1 receptors produce

A

delayed and longer acting EPSP bc working on 2ndmsgr system

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9
Q

where is Ach released?

A
  1. all pregang terminals of ANS
  2. all PSNS postgang terminals
  3. sympathetic post gang terminals at sweat glands and BV
  4. termanls of efferent neurons supplying skeletal muscle
  5. . CNS
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10
Q

where is NE released

A
  1. most sympathetic post gang terminals
  2. adrenal medulla
  3. CNS
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11
Q

what is the exception of sympathetic nervous system Ach release?

A

sympathetic postganglionic terminals release Ach at sweat glands and some blood vessels in skeletal muscle

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12
Q

what is the impact of SNS action on the heart?

A

B1 adrenergic causes increased HR and force of contraction whole heart

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13
Q

impact of PSNS on action of heart

A

decreased rate, decrease rate of contraction of atria

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14
Q

impact of SNS on blood vessels

A

bind to alpha 1 adrenergic to cause constriction

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15
Q

impact of PSNS on blood vessels

A

dilation of vessels of penis and clitoris only

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16
Q

site of origin of somatic nervous systeem

A

lateral horn of spinal cord

17
Q

site of origin of ANS

A

sympathetic is in lateral horn of lumbar and thoracic spinal cord; parasymp is in the brain and sacral spinal cord

18
Q

what does it mean that responses of adrenergic receptors are dose dependent?

A

same transmitter will evoke different overall response depending on its concentration at the target tissue, since both NE and epi activate both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.

19
Q

what do all beta adrenergic receptors do

A

increase cAMP – response depends on location (sm muscle decreases force, cardiac increases force)

20
Q

effects of alpha1 adrenergic receptors

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. increased peripheral resistance
  3. increased blood pressure
  4. mydriasis (dilation)
  5. increased closure of internal sphincter of bladder
21
Q

effects of alpha2 adrenergic receptors

A
  1. inhibition of NE release (bc receptors at presynaptic terminal)
  2. inhibition of Ach release
  3. inhibition of insulin release
22
Q

effects of beta1 adrenergic receptors 1

A
  1. tachycardia
  2. increased lipolysis
  3. increased myocardial contractility
  4. increased release of renin (angiotensin II, constriction)
23
Q

effects of beta2 adrenergic receptors

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. slightly decreased peripheral resistance
  3. bronchodilation
  4. increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis
  5. increased release of glucagon
  6. relaxed uterine and smooth muscle
24
Q

what do M1,3,5 do?

A

increase IP3 and DAG

25
Q

what do M2,4 do?

A

decrease cAMP

26
Q

odd muscarinic receptors do?

A

increase IP3 and DAG

27
Q

even muscarinic receptors do?

A

decrease cAMP

28
Q

what is the response of hemorrhage on the ANS?

A

decreased blood volume makes arterial blood pressure drop, stimulating SNS to increase HR

Medical Physiology (21 decks)

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