Solving problems and decision making

Question 1

Normative

Answer 1

rational choice under ideal circumstances

Question 2

descriptive

Answer 2

how people really make decisions

Question 3

forward chaining

Answer 3

evaluate all possible actions and select the best one

Question 4

backwards chaining

Answer 4

starts with the goal and works backwards to the initial state

Question 5

means-end analysis

Answer 5

identify the difference between the current state and the goal state and try to reduce it

Question 6

deduction

Answer 6

conclusion follows from assumption about problem

Question 7

induction

Answer 7

conclusion is drawn from particular conditions or facts relevant to problem

Question 8

syllogism

Answer 8

conclusion follows a set of premises

Question 9

bounded rationality

Answer 9

decision maker bases decision on a simplified model of the world

Question 10

heuristics

Answer 10

mental shortcuts to narrow down potential actions - “rules of thumb”