Solutions

Question 1

Percent Composition by Mass

Answer 1

Mass of solute / Mass of solution x100%

Question 2

Mole Fraction

Answer 2

of mol of compound / total # of moles in system

Question 3

Molarity

Answer 3

of mol of solute / liter of solution

Question 4

Molality

Answer 4

of mol of solute / kg of solvent

Question 5

Normality

Answer 5

of gram equivalent weights of solute / liter of solution

Question 6

Solubility of a Substance

Answer 6

the maximum amount of that substance that can be dissolved in a specific solvent at a given temp

Question 7

Soluble Solvents

Answer 7

have a negative ΔG

Question 8

Insoluble Solvents

Answer 8

have a positive ΔG

Question 9

Compounds that are always soluble

Answer 9

salts containing ammonium and alkali metal cations

salts containing nitrate and acetate anions are water soluble

Question 10

Dilution Equation

Answer 10

MiVi = MfVf

Question 11

Solubility Product Constant

Answer 11

Ksp

special case of Keq, calculated the same way

Question 12

Ion Product

Answer 12

Analogous to reaction quotient

Tells us where we are in a reaction compared to equilibrium

Question 13

Common Ion Effect

Answer 13

solubility of a salt decreases when it is dissolved in a solution that already contains a common ion… decrease in molar solubility

NO effect on value of Ksp

Question 14

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 14

the amount of pressure applied to counteract the attraction of water molecules for a solution… water moves towards area of higher solute concentration (to even out)

Question 15

Osmotic Pressure Equation

Answer 15

II = iMRT
i= van't Hoff factor (# of particles a compound dissociates into)
M= molarity
R= ideal gas constant
T= temp