Kinetics and Equilibrium

Question 1

How are values of x and y determined in a rate law equation?

Answer 1

Eperimentally

Question 2

What is the equation for rate law expressions

Answer 2

rate=k[A]^x[B]^y

Question 3

Equation for the equilibrium constant Kc for equation:

aA + bB cC + dD

Answer 3

Kc= [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Question 4

What is excluded from equilibrium expressions?

Answer 4

pure solids and pure liquids

Question 5

If Keq > 1

Answer 5

the equilibrium mixture will contain very little of the reactants compared to the products

Question 6

If Keq < 1

Answer 6

the equilibrium mixture will contain very little of the products compared to the reactants

Question 7

If Keq = 1 (approx)

Answer 7

the equilibrium mixture will have approximately equal concentrations of products and reactants

Question 8

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if more A is added?

Answer 8

Shifts to the right

Question 9

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if more B is added?

Answer 9

Shifts to the right

Question 10

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if C is taken away?

Answer 10

Shifts to the right

Question 11

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if pressure is applied?

Answer 11

if they are gases they shift to the right because it has less moles of gas

Question 12

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if volume is reduced?

Answer 12

if they are gases they shift to the right because it has less moles of gas

Question 13

For the equation:

A + B C + heat

If the temperature is reduced?

Answer 13

shifts toward whichever side has heat, in this care the right

Question 14

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if more C is added?

Answer 14

It shifts towards the left

Question 15

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if A is removed?

Answer 15

It shifts towards the left

Question 16

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if B is removed?

Answer 16

It shifts towards the left

Question 17

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if pressure is reduced?

Answer 17

Shifts to the left (if gases, because more moles)

Question 18

For the equation:

A + B C

What happens if the volume is increased?

Answer 18

Shifts to the left (if gases, because more moles)

Question 19

For the equation:

A + B C + heat

What happens if the temperature is increased?

Answer 19

shifts towards whatever way will decrease the heat, in this case the left

Question 20

Collision Theory of Chemical Kinetics

Answer 20

the rate of the reaction is proportional to the number of collisions per second between reacting molecules, but molecules must collide with sufficient energy and in the right orientation for the collision to be successful

Question 21

Transition State Theory

Answer 21

The transition state that molecules pass through when forming products has a higher energy then the reactants and the products and activation energy is needed to achieve this state and more energy is needed to overcome this state

Question 22

Negative Delta G

Answer 22

exergonic reaction

Question 23

Positive Delta G

Answer 23

endergonic reaction

Question 24

Rate law includes concentrations of

Answer 24

REACTANTS ONLY

Question 25

Zero Order Reactions

Answer 25

the rate of formation of products is independent of changes in concentrations of reactants
rate=k
negative, linear representation on a concentration vs. time graph

Question 26

First Order Reactions

Answer 26

the rate of formation of products is dependent on one of the reactants
rate=k[A]^1
negative linear representation on a ln[A] vs time graph

Question 27

Second Order Reactions

Answer 27

the rate of formation of products is dependent on either two reactants or the square of one of the reactants

Question 28

Keq for

aA + bB cC + dD

Answer 28

Keq = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b

Kc can be used for gases
do not include pure elements

Question 29

Reaction Quotient (Q)

Answer 29

used to determine where in the reaction we are in relation to the equilibrium state

Question 30

Q > Keq

Answer 30

forward reaction has exceeded equilibrium

Question 31

Q = 1

Answer 31

reaction is in dynamic equilibrium

Question 32

Q < 1

Answer 32

forward reaction has not yet reached equilibrium

Question 33

Reverse Equilibrium Constant

Answer 33

1/Keq

Question 34

Kinetic Product

Answer 34

formed at lower temperature, formed faster, but less stable

Question 35

Thermodynamic Product

Answer 35

formed at higher temperature, formed slower, but more stable