Bonding and Chemical Interactions

Question 1

Octet Rule

Answer 1

an atom will bond until it has a full outermost shell and it wants to have a configuration similar to a noble gas

Question 2

Stable Smaller Octets

Answer 2

H (2), He (2), Li (2), Be (4), B (6)

Question 3

Expanded Octet:

Answer 3

atoms found in the or beyond the third period can have more than 8 valence electrons because some of there electrons can be in a d orbital

can have more than 4 bonds in a lewis structure

Question 4

Lewis Structure

Answer 4

The chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots that represent one of the s or p valence electrons

Question 5

Formal Charges

Answer 5

the charge an atom would have if the electrons in the bonds were shared equally

Question 6

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 6

bonding electron pair is not shared equally, but pulled toward the more electronegative atom

Question 7

Polarity of Molecules

Answer 7

Depends on the polarity of the constituent bonds and on the shape of the molecule. (vector addition to determine dipole moment)

Question 8

Linear

Answer 8

Regions of Electron Density: 2

Angle: 180

Question 9

Trigonal Planar

Answer 9

Regions of Electron Density: 3

Angle: 120

Question 10

Tetrahedral

Answer 10

Regions of Electron Density: 4

Angle: 109.5

Question 11

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Answer 11

Regions of Electron Density: 5

Angle: 180, 120, 90

Question 12

Octahedral

Answer 12

Regions of Electron Density: 6

Angle: 180, 90

Question 13

Complex Ion (Coordination Compound)

Answer 13

A lewis acid-base adduct with a cation bonded to at least one election pair donor. Donor molecules are celled ligands and use coordinate covalent bonds. The central cation can be bonded to the same ligand multiple times in chelation.

Question 14

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 14

the partial positive charge of the hydrogen atom interacts with the partial negative charge located on the electronegative atoms or nearby molecules

Question 15

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Answer 15

polar molecules orient themselves such that the positive region of one molecule is close to the negative region of another molecule

Question 16

Dispersion Forces

Answer 16

The bonding electrons in covalent bonds may appear to be equally shared between two atoms but at any particular point in time they will be located randomly throughout the orbital, which permits unequal sharing of electrons, causing transient polarization and counterpolarization of the electron clouds of neighbouring molecules inducing the formation of more dipoles

Question 17

Ionic Bonding

Answer 17

electrons from an atom with low ionization energy are transferred to an atom with high electron affinity (usually a metal to a nonmetal), characterized by lattice structures

Question 18

Covalent Bonding

Answer 18

electron pair is shared equally between to atoms

Question 19

Coordinate Covalent Bonding

Answer 19

electron pair is donated only by one atom in the pair

Question 20

Preferences in Resonance Structure

Answer 20

small or no formal charge
less separation between opposite charges preferred
negative charges on more electronegative atoms preferred