Solutions

Question 1

a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

substances present in a small amount; the dissolved substance.

Answer 2

solvent

Question 3

the substance present in a larger amount; dissolve the solute

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

contains less solute than the solvent has the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature.

Answer 4

unsaturated solution

Question 5

contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.

Answer 5

saturated solution

Question 6

______ form when a seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate.

Answer 6

Sodium acetate crystals

Question 7

Two substances with similar intermolecular forces are likely to be soluble in each other.

Answer 7

NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT

Question 8

_______ are soluble in non-polar solvents

Answer 8

non-polar molecules

Question 9

polar molecules are soluble in…

Answer 9

polar solvents

Question 10

______ are more soluble in polar solvents

Answer 10

ionic compounds

Question 11

The stronger the intermolecular attractions between solute and solvent, the more likely the solute will dissolve.

Answer 11

intermolecular attractions between solute and solvent,

Question 12

Intermolecular forces =

Answer 12

H-bonds; dipole-dipole; dispersion

Question 13

Ions in water also have…

Answer 13

ion-dipole forces

Question 15

Ions are…

Answer 15

solvated (surrounded by solvent)

Question 16

If the solvent is water,

Answer 16

the ions are hydrated.

Question 17

__________ (which only has dispersion forces) is not water-soluble.

Answer 17

Cyclohexane

Question 18

Vitamin A is soluble in…

Answer 18

nonpolar compounds (like fats).

Question 19

Vitamin C is soluble in…

Answer 19

water

Question 20

a physical change—getting back the original solute by evaporating the solvent.

Answer 20

Dissolution

Question 21

if you cannot evaporate the solvent to get the solute, then it…

Answer 21

reacted

Question 22

solubility
of _____ solutes in
liquid solvents
increases with
increasing temperature

Answer 22

solid

Question 23

the separation of a mixture of substances into pure components on the basis of their differing solubilities.

Answer 23

Fractional crystallization

Question 24

The solubility of liquids and solids ____ change appreciably with pressure.

Answer 24

does not

Question 25

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution

Answer 25

Henry’s law

Question 26

_________ of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.

Answer 26

concentration

Question 27

are properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles.

Answer 27

Colligative properties

Question 28

the selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one.

Answer 28

Osmosis

Question 29

allows the passage of solvent molecules but blocks the passage of solute molecules.

Answer 29

semipermeable membrane

Question 30

the pressure required to stop osmosis.

Answer 30

Osmotic pressure (π)

Question 31

Reassociation is more likely at higher concentration.

Answer 31

The van’t Hoff Factor

Question 32

much larger than solute molecules

Answer 32

collodial particles

Question 33

not as homogeneous as a solution

Answer 33

collodial suspension

Question 34

light scattering by particles in a colloid such as a very fine suspension

Answer 34

Tyndall Effect

Question 35

one in which heat is absorbed

Answer 35

endothermic reaction or process

Question 36

the sum of the internal energy of the system plus the product of the pressure of the gas in the system and its volume: H = U + PV.

Answer 36

Enthalpy