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Inorganic Chemistry > Chemical Nomenclature > Flashcards

Chemical Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

the charge that an atom has or appears to have when certain arbitrary rules are applied

A

Oxidation Number/ Oxidation State

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2
Q

oxidation numbers are useful in identifying atoms that are…

A

oxidized or reduced

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3
Q

loss of electrons

A

oxidized

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4
Q

gain of electrons

A

reduced

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5
Q

Based on the first rule, when will any element have an oxidation number of zero

A

free state

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6
Q

Based on the second rule, what generally haves positive oxidation numbers

A

metals

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7
Q

Based on the third rule, what is the general oxidation number of hydrogen in a compound or an ion

A

+1

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8
Q

What is the exception to the third rule which has an oxidation number of -1

A

a metal hydride when hydrogen is second in the formula

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9
Q

Based on the fourth rule, the oxidaiton number of ____ in a compound or an ion is generally -2

A

oxygen

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10
Q

What is the exception to the fourth rule

A

peroxide where it is -1

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11
Q

Based on the fifth rule, the oxidation number of monoatomic ion is the same as the charge of an…

A

ion

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12
Q

Based on the sixth rule, the algebraic sum of the oxidation of numbers for all the atoms in a compound must equal…

A

zero

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13
Q

Based on the seventh rule, the algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers for all the atoms in a ______ must equal the charge on the ion

A

polyatomic ion

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14
Q

In the first step of finding the oxidation number for an element within a compound, where should the oxidation number of each known element be written?

A

below the atom in the formula

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15
Q

________ each oxidation number by the number of atoms of that element in the compound.

A

Multiply

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16
Q

Write an equation indicating the ___ of all oxidation numbers in the compound or ion.

A

Sum

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17
Q

Composed of metal cations and non-metal anions, or, polyatomic ions

A

Ionic Compounds

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18
Q

Names and formulas always start with the ______ cation

A

positively charged

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19
Q

Ions are combined in ratios so that the final ionic compound is…

A

neutral

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20
Q

Never use ___ in the names of the ionic compounds

A

prefixes

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21
Q

The cation name is simply combined with the _____ only

A

anion name

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22
Q

If the cation is capable of having more than one possible charge, the _____ is included in the name as a Roman numeral in brackets

A

cation charge

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23
Q

Using Roman numeral to indicate oxidation number

A

Stock System

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24
Q

In writing the formula of a compound the algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers should be equal to…

A

zero

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25
Q

Elements or ions with _____ are written first followed by elements or ions with negative oxidation numbers

A

positive oxidation numbers

26
Q

Name the metal and change the ending of the nonmetal to -ide

A

Metal with fixed oxidation state

27
Q

Has two types of atoms

A

Binary Compounds

28
Q

must determine the oxidation state of cation

A

Metal with varying oxidation state

29
Q

common name + -ous for ___ oxidation state

A

lower

30
Q

common name + -ic for ___ oxidation state

A

higher

31
Q

Hydro + -ic +acid

A

Binary Acids

32
Q

exceptions to -ide endings

A

Hydroxides (OH)m Cyanide (CN), Ammonium (NH4+1)

33
Q

HCL

A

Hydrochloric Acid

34
Q

Composed of non-metal atoms only

A

Simple Covalent (Molecular) Compounds

35
Q

The more ____ is written first

A

metallic non-metal

36
Q

prefixes are used in the name to indicate the number of each ___ present

A

atom

37
Q

____ always leads the formula

A

H

38
Q

_____ are in the aqueous state

A

Acids

39
Q

____ are combined in ratios so that the final acid is neutral

A

Ions

40
Q

The acid name depends on the name of the ___ involved

A

anion

41
Q

solid substances that also contain water molecules in their crystal structure

A

Hydrates

42
Q

The number of water molecules for each formula unit is…

A

fixed

43
Q

the formula is written the same as any other compound, but then we add a __ followed by the number of water molecules per ionic formula unit and the symbol H2O

A

dot

44
Q

add the word ____ at the end with a Latin prefix to indicate the number of water molecules per ionic formula unit.

A

hydrate

45
Q

reacts in a fixed way, has a fixed oxidation state

A

family

46
Q

Family with +1 Oxidation state

A

1A

47
Q

Family with +2 Oxidation state

A

2A

48
Q

Family with +3 Oxidation state

A

3A

49
Q

Family with +- 4 Oxidation state

A

4A

50
Q

Family with -3 Oxidation state

A

5A

51
Q

Family with -2 Oxidation state

A

6A

52
Q

Family with -1 Oxidation state

A

7A

53
Q

oxidation with (-) means…

A

to receive

54
Q

oxidation with (+) means…

A

to give

55
Q

what family has different ways of reacting and varied oxidation states

A

B Family

56
Q

made up of ONLY 1 ATOM.

A

Monatomic Cations (+)

57
Q

made up of MORE THAN 1 ATOMS. (e.g., ammonium cation)

A

Polyatomic Cations (+)

58
Q

made up of ONLY 1 NEGATIVELY CHARGED ATOM

A

Monatomic Anion (-)

59
Q

made up of MORE THAN 1 NEGATIVELY CHARGED ATOM

A

Polyatomic Anion (-)

60
Q

polyatomic na may kasamang oxygen anion

A

Polyatomic Oxyanion

Inorganic Chemistry (7 decks)

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