Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Flashcards
the linking/attraction of atoms to form compounds
Chemical Bonding
the outer shell electrons of an atom
Valence Electrons
The valence electrons are the electrons that participate in…
chemical bonding
___ are also involved in chemical reactions
innermost electrons
chemical reactions that involve the nucleus, which produces large amounts of energy.
Nuclear Reactions
the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell
Octet Rule
the family not much involved in transferring of electrons but in sharing
4A
a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element
Lewis Dot Symbol/Structure
pairing starts when there are more than _ electrons
4
paired electrons are called…
lone pair
cause bonding to have 8 electrons
Unpaired Electrons
inactive family because they do not need to bond with other atoms/elements
8A
Bonding happens between metals and non-metals.
Ionic Bonding
the energy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions.
Lattice Energy (E)
kilojoules per mole
kJ/mol
the temperature where elements melt from being solid to liquid.
melting point
More lattice energy =
more heat required
a chemical bond in which two or more electrons are shared by two atoms.
Covalent Bond
unpaired electrons will be shared to the other unpaired, the process is called ____
Covalent Bonding
product of covalent bonding
covalent compound
represents sharing
dash (-)
Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple depending on the number of _____
sharing
two atoms share two pairs of electrons
double bond
two atoms share three pairs of electrons
triple bond
refers to the measurement of the radius of the 1st atom to the radius of the 2nd atom.
Lengths of Covalent Bond
unit of measurement used to measure atomic structures.
Picometre (pm)
Picometer is ___ of a meter
One trillionth
More bonds indicate shorter length because if atoms are bonded more times, it becomes __ to each other
closer
___ = closer = shorter
more attraction
less bonding =
less attraction
a covalent bond with greater electron density around one of the two atoms.
polar covalent bond or polar bond
Polar covalent bond is a covalent bond with ____ sharing of electrions
unequal
there’s ____ charges in polar covalent bond
partial
_____ is the region where electrons are being drawn to.
Electron rich region
______ is the region where electrons are being drawn away from.
Electron poor region
_____ - indicates that there is partially negative fluorine
Sigma negative
the ability of an atom to attract ELECTRONS toward itself in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity
____ has the highest electron affinity.
Chlorine
____ has the highest electronegativity.
Fluorine
Electronegativity increases from:
Left to right
Bottom to top
_____ is a covalent bond with equal electron sharing.
Non-polar covalent bond
Highest electronegativity difference =
Ionic
Lowest electronegativity difference =
Non-polar
a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule
Lewis Structure
In writing Lewis Structures, draw the _____ of compound showing what atoms are bonded to each other.
skeletal structure
Put the ___ electronegative element in the center.
least
Count total number of _____ e-. Add 1 for each negative charge. Subtract 1 for each positive charge
valence
Complete an octet for all atoms except…
hydrogen
If structure contains too many electrons, form double and triple bonds on ____ as needed
central atom
A ____ is one of two or more Lewis structures for a single molecule that cannot be represented accurately by only one Lewis structure.
resonance structure
The enthalpy change required to break a particular bond in one mole of gaseous molecules is the…
bond energy
More bond requires more ____ to break it
energy
Average ____ in polyatomic molecules
bond energy
