Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards
The shape of the periodic table can be broken down into blocks according to the type of orbital occupied by what?
the highest energy electron in the ground state.
Periodic table and the electronic configurations predicted by quantum mechanics are?
Related
The periodic table is broken into
s, p, d, and f blocks.
What can be used to predict electronic configurations?
Structure of the Periodic Table
Elements of the same group have similar…
chemical and physical properties
- have the same number of valence electron.
- form the same kinds of ions.
Elements in the same group
groups of elements in columns
Families
belongs to a family of its own; a diatomic, reactive gas
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is involved in the explosion of the…
Hindenberg
Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for…
automobiles
1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals are very reactive metals, always combined with something else in…
nature (like salt)
Alkali metals are ____ enough to cut with a butter knife
soft
Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals are reactive metals that are always combined with _____ in nature.
nonmetals
Alkaline Earth Metals that are important mineral nutrients
Mg & Ca
Elements in group 13
Boron Family
once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
Aluminum metal
Elements in group 15
Nitrogen Family
makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen and ______ are both important in living things.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is seen in the tip of
Matches
Elements in group 16
Oxygen Family/Chalcogens
Necessary for respiration
Oxygen
Many things that stink (such as rotten eggs, garlic, skunks, etc.) contains…
Sulfur
Elements in group 17
Halogens
Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals. Always found combined with other element in nature
Halogens
Halogens are used as…
disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
Elements in group 18
The Noble or Inert Gases
Noble gases are VERY unreactive, _____ gases
monatomic
Noble gases are used in lighted…
neon lights
Noble gases are used in ____ to fix the Hindenberg problem.
blimps
Noble gases have a full…
Valence Shell
Elements in groups 3-12
Transition Metals
Transition metals are less reactive…
harder metals
Transition metals include metals used in…
jewelry and construction
Transition Metals used…
“as metal.”
- Metallic property
- Atomic Size
- Ionic Size
- Ionization Energy
- Electron Affinity
- Electronegativity
PERIODIC TRENDS
an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.
ion
ion with a positive charge
cation
If a neutral atom ___ one or more electrons it becomes a cation.
loses
ion with a negative charge
anion
If a neutral atom _____ one or more electrons
it becomes an anion.
gains
A cation is always ____ than atom from which it is formed.
smaller
Anion is always _____ than atom from which it is formed.
larger
the minimum energy (kJ/mol) required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state.
Ionization energy
is the negative of the energy change that occurs when an electron is accepted by an atom in the gaseous state to form an anion.
Electron affinity
The type of bond formed between a pair of atoms is determined by the…
ability of the atoms to attract electrons from the other.
ability to loose an electron is measured by its…
IONIZATION ENERGY
ability to gain an electron is measured by its
ELECTRON AFFINITY
A _____ is formed when an atom looses one or more electrons
positively charged ion (CATION)
A ______is formed when an atom accepts one or more electrons.
negatively charged ion (ANION)
measures the tendency of one atom to attract electrons from another atom to which it is bonded.
Electronegativity
Metallic elements _____ more readily than non-metallic elements
loose electrons (to form positive ions)
Metallic elements are hence referred to as being more _____ than non-metals.
ELECTROPOSITIVE
Non-metals are more ____ compared to metals
ELECTRONEGATIVE
