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Chemistry Advanced > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

Solution

A

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances that contain particles of one substance that are uniformly spread out in another substance (ex. aq)

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2
Q

Parts of a solution

A

Solute and solvent

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3
Q

Solute

A

the substance being dissolved

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4
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that dissolves the solute

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5
Q

3 types of solutions

A

Aqueous, non Aqueous, and Tincture

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6
Q

Aqueous

A

water is the solvent

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7
Q

Non- aqueous

A

water is not the solvent

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8
Q

Tincture

A

alcohol is the solvent (ex. tincture of iodine)

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9
Q

Characteristics

A
  1. Clear or transparent - colorless or odorless
  2. particles are evenly distributed, do not settle out on standing, cannot be separated by filtration
  3. Variable composition- a solution is a type of mixture, not a pure substance
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10
Q

Solubility

A

the amount of a solute to dissolve in a certain amount of solvent

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11
Q

Soluble

A

materials with a high degree of solubility (a lot dissolves) - salt and water

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12
Q

Insoluble

A

materials with a low degree of soulibitiy (little dissolves ) - oil and water

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13
Q

First factor that affect solubility

A

How much solute can dissolve
1) Temperature
- as temp increases solids become more soluble
- as temp increases gases become less soluble in water

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14
Q

Second factor that affects solubility

A

2) Pressure
- pressure has little or no affect on the solubility of solid or liquid solutes
- as pressure increases gases become more soluble in liquids

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15
Q

Third factor that affects solubility

A

Type of solute/type of solvent
- “like dissolves like”
- polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
- non - polar solute dissolve in non- polar solvents
- ionic substances dissolve in polar solvents

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16
Q

Factors that affect rate

A

1) Temperature- greater KE = more interactions
2) Stirring- more interactions
3) Surface area- grinding and chopping solute into pieces increases surface exposure and more interaction with solvent

17
Q

Rate of Solute dissolving

A

How fast a solute dissolves depends on frequency of interactions b/w solute and solvent

18
Q

Double Replacement Reactions

A

two compounds that react and produce a precipitate

19
Q

Saturated Solution

A

solution which contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temp

20
Q

Unsaturated Solution

A

solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temp in a given amount of of solvent

21
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve (ion stable), at a certain temp in a certain amount of solvent

22
Q

How much salt is dissolved in an unsaturated solution?

A

less than the amount of water it an hold so the crystal does dissolve

23
Q

How much salt is dissolved in a saturated solution?

A

as much as the amount of water it can hold so the crystal does not dissolved it goes to the bottom

24
Q

How much salt is dissolved in a supersaturated solution?

A

overloaded (unstable) and extra crystals drop out (precipitate)

25
Q

Relationship between solubility and temp with solids and liquids

A

solubility tends to increase as temp increases

26
Q

Relationship between temp and solubility in gases

A

as temp increases, gases become less soluble

27
Q

Diluted solutions

A

solutions in which a small amount at solute in a given amount of water (less solute, more water)

28
Q

Concentrated solution

A

solution which a large amount of solute in a given amount of water (more solute, less water)

29
Q

How to build a solution

A

1) put the salt in first bc then the water is gonna rise
2) then add the water

30
Q

Molarity

A

the concentration of a solution in moles of solutw per liter of solution

31
Q

Molarity by Diffusion

A

moles of a substance before a dilution is equal to the moles of a substance after dilution

32
Q

To increase the solubility of gases

A

lower temp and increase pressure

Chemistry Advanced (23 decks)

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