Atomic Structure Review Questions

Question 1

What is found in the nucleus?

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

describe a neutron

Answer 2

found in the nucleus and has no charge

Question 3

Describe the gold foil experiment

Answer 3

Basically, Rutherford conducted an experiment where he threw alpha particles through gold foil and saw that most went through which meant that atoms are mainly empty space and some particles deflected because of the positive nucleus.

Question 4

describe an electron

Answer 4

very small mass and negatively charged

Question 5

Where do we find electrons in an atom?

Answer 5

orbital (region of electron probability)

Question 6

What information does the atomic number tell you about an atom

Answer 6

number of protons

Question 7

charge of the nucleus of an atom

Answer 7

number of protons

Question 8

emitted

Answer 8

released

Question 9

absorbed

Answer 9

gained

Question 10

ion

Answer 10

a charged species formed by loss/gain of electrons

Question 11

electrons going from the third level to the second level will do what with energy?

Answer 11

release energy

Question 12

electrons going from the third level to the fourth level will do what with energy?

Answer 12

absorb energy

Question 13

bright line spectrums happen when

Answer 13

electrons go from excited start to ground state/ energy is released in forms of light

Question 14

Ions

Answer 14

a charged species formed by a loss or gain of electrons

Question 15

isotopes

Answer 15

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 16

atomic mass

Answer 16

average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Question 17

orbital

Answer 17

area of electron probability

Question 18

covalent

Answer 18

a shared bond between 2 elements in which electrons are shared

Question 19

ground state

Answer 19

all the electrons are in the lowest principle energy level

Question 20

excited state

Answer 20

an electron has absorbed energy and has temporarily moved to a higher energy ring

Question 21

valence electrons

Answer 21

electrons in the outermost ring of an atom and are involved in bonding

Question 22

electron configuration

Answer 22

number of electrons in each ring around the atom

Question 23

stable octet

Answer 23

atoms are most stable when their valence shells are filled with 8 electrons

Question 24

Line spectrum

Answer 24

a spectrum in which light of only a certain wavelength is emitted or absorbed, rather than a continuous range of colors