Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 1

Electrolytes

Answer 1

substances that can conduct electric current, because they dissociate into ions in the liquid state

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

charged particles that can carry a current

Question 3

All acids, bases, and salts are classified as…

Answer 3

electrolytes

Question 4

Acids (Arrhenius Definition)

Answer 4

release hydrogen ions (H+) or form Hydronium Ions (H3O+) ions in a solution - COOh endings are organic acids - generally begin with H or end in COOH

Question 5

Bases

Answer 5

release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution - begin with a metal and end with hydroxide

Question 6

Bases are organized on reference table in order from…

Answer 6

strongest to weakest

Question 7

Salts

Answer 7

substances that are not acids or bases BUT dissociate into ions in solution that are not H+ and OH-

Question 8

Nonelectrolytes

Answer 8

substances that are bad conductors of electricity because they do NOT dissociate into ions in solution (ex. molecular substances or covalent) - so sugars and alcohols

Question 9

Characteristics of Acids

Answer 9

• acids have a sour taste
• acids are electrolytes and conduct electric currents
• strong acids easily ionize (release high (H+)
• weak acids don’t easily ionize (release low (H+)

Question 10

Characteristics of Bases

Answer 10

• bases have a bitter taste
• bases are slippery to the touch
• bases are electrolytes and conduct electric currents (arrhenius definition)
• strong bases release high (OH-)
• weak bases release low (OH-)

Question 11

Neutralization Reaction Format

Answer 11

acid + base -> salt + water

Question 12

Reverse Reaction Format - opposite of neutralization is Hydroloysis

Answer 12

salt + water -> acid + base

Question 13

pH

Answer 13

based on the concentration of an acid

Question 14

Single Replacement reactions

Answer 14

acids react with strong metals to produce hydrogen gas

Question 15

Uses of Neutralization

Answer 15

neutralize with the opposite
1) Urine - neutralizes with vinegar
2) acid smell - neutralizes with baking soda
3 throw up - neutralize with ammonia

Question 16

The lower the pH the more…

Answer 16

acidic the substance is (the less basic it is)

Question 17

what is the relationship between acidity and hydrogen ions?

Answer 17

more acidic = more H+ ions released

Question 18

what is the relationship between pH and acidity?

Answer 18

the higher the pH the less acidic the substance is (the more basic)

Question 19

Each change in a single pH unit is a…. change in the (H+)

Answer 19

TEN fold

Question 20

Titration

Answer 20

the process of adding measured volumes of an acid or base of known concentration to a acid or base of unknown concentration until neutralization occurs

Question 21

Arrhenius Definition

Answer 21

acids release more H+ ions in water; bases releease more OH- ions in water

Question 22

Bronsted/Lowry - “Alternative Theory”

Answer 22

• acids loses protons (proton donors)
• bases gain protons (proton acceptors)