Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards
Electrolytes
substances that can conduct electric current, because they dissociate into ions in the liquid state
Ions
charged particles that can carry a current
All acids, bases, and salts are classified as…
electrolytes
Acids (Arrhenius Definition)
release hydrogen ions (H+) or form Hydronium Ions (H3O+) ions in a solution - COOh endings are organic acids - generally begin with H or end in COOH
Bases
release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution - begin with a metal and end with hydroxide
Bases are organized on reference table in order from…
strongest to weakest
Salts
substances that are not acids or bases BUT dissociate into ions in solution that are not H+ and OH-
Nonelectrolytes
substances that are bad conductors of electricity because they do NOT dissociate into ions in solution (ex. molecular substances or covalent) - so sugars and alcohols
Characteristics of Acids
- acids have a sour taste
- acids are electrolytes and conduct electric currents
- strong acids easily ionize (release high (H+)
- weak acids don’t easily ionize (release low (H+)
Characteristics of Bases
- bases have a bitter taste
- bases are slippery to the touch
- bases are electrolytes and conduct electric currents (arrhenius definition)
- strong bases release high (OH-)
- weak bases release low (OH-)
Neutralization Reaction Format
acid + base -> salt + water
Reverse Reaction Format - opposite of neutralization is Hydroloysis
salt + water -> acid + base
pH
based on the concentration of an acid
Single Replacement reactions
acids react with strong metals to produce hydrogen gas
Uses of Neutralization
neutralize with the opposite
1) Urine - neutralizes with vinegar
2) acid smell - neutralizes with baking soda
3 throw up - neutralize with ammonia
The lower the pH the more…
acidic the substance is (the less basic it is)
what is the relationship between acidity and hydrogen ions?
more acidic = more H+ ions released
what is the relationship between pH and acidity?
the higher the pH the less acidic the substance is (the more basic)
Each change in a single pH unit is a…. change in the (H+)
TEN fold
Titration
the process of adding measured volumes of an acid or base of known concentration to a acid or base of unknown concentration until neutralization occurs
Arrhenius Definition
acids release more H+ ions in water; bases releease more OH- ions in water
Bronsted/Lowry - “Alternative Theory”
- acids loses protons (proton donors)
- bases gain protons (proton acceptors)
