Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMP102 > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 steps of dissolution?

A

1) Solid molecule leaves particle
2) Creation of a cavity in the solvent
3) Solute molecule enters the cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a boundary layer?

A

-Outside layer of solution where it meets the solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mass transfer?

A

-The diffusion of dissolved molecule from the boundary layer into the bulk solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What determines the dissolution rate?

A

-Mass transfer with time ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does K1 stand for in noyes-whitney equation?

A

-Dissolution rate constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does A stand for in noyes-whitney equation?

A

-Surface area of undissolved solid drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Cs stand for in noyes-whitney equation?

A

-Saturated solubility of drug in solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does C stand for in noyes-whitney equation?

A

-Concentration of drug in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does h stand for in noyes-whitney equation?

A

-Thickness of boundary layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does increasing surface area speed up dissolution?

A

-More particles are facing the boundary layer so can diffuse to bulk solvent sooner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can the saturated solubility of drug in solution speed up dissolution?

A

-As long as the dissolution is endothermic, increasing temperature
-Changing solvent or adding co-solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can the concentration of drug in solution speed up dissolution?

A

-Increases the volume of solvent or remove dissolved drug from solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define solution?

A

-Mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that is homogeneous on a molecular level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define solvent ?

A

-The component that determines the phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define solute ?

A

-The other components that are dispersed as molecules or ions throughout the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define dissolution?

A

-The process whereby molecules or ions from the solid phase move into solution

17
Q

What is a solution?

A

-A mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that is homogenous to the molecular level

18
Q

What are two types of pharmaceutical solids?

A

-Crystalline and amorphous

19
Q

What is an amorphous solid?

A

-A solid that lacks an ordered internal structure

20
Q

What is a solvent?

A

-The component which determines the phase

21
Q

What is a solute?

A

-The other components (S) which are dispersed as molecules or ions throughout the solvent

22
Q

What is a dissolution?

A

-The process whereby molecules or ions from the solid phase move into solution

23
Q

How many phases does a suspension or emulsion have?

A

-2

24
Q

What is solid in liquid solution?

A

-A solution of non-electrolytes (sucrose) or electrolytes that form ions in solution

25
Q

What is miscibility?

A

-Mutual solubility of components in liquid/ liquid systems

26
Q

What is a gas in liquid solution?

A

-Gas dissolved in liquid

27
Q

What can gas/liquid solutions be determined by?

A

-Temperature and pressure

28
Q

When will dissolution occur?

A

-When the attractive force between drug molecules and solvent is greater than between drug molecules

29
Q

What can effect solubility?

A

-Molecular structure
-Substituent position of functional group on ring

30
Q

How do polar solvents cause high relative permittivity?

A

-They dissolve ionic solutes by reducing the force of attraction between oppositely charged ion in crystalline solids

31
Q

What is the units for relative permittivity ?

A

-Er

32
Q

How do semi-polar solvents induce permittivity?

A

-They can induce a degree of polarity in non-polar solvent molecules which enables polar solutes to be dissolved

33
Q

Why can’t non-polar solvents dissolve polar solutes?

A

-Low relative permittivity and lack of h-bonding groups so unable to break covalent bonds

34
Q

What factors affect solubility?

A

-Temperature, polymorphism, particle size, pH

35
Q

How does polymorphism affect solubility?

A

-Crystalline solids can exist as different polymorphs depending on how the molecules are arranged
-Less stable polymorphs will be more soluble

36
Q

How does pH affect solubility?

A

-The more ionised a species, the more soluble it will be

37
Q

When does dissolution occur?

A

-When the attractive force between crystal and solvent is greater than between crystal molecules

38
Q

What letter represents the boundary layer?

A

-h

39
Q

How can the speed of mass transfer be increased?

A

-Increases surface area
-Saturated solubility of drug in solution
-Concentration of drug in solution
-Thickness of boundary layer-agitation

PMP102 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions