Acid-Base and pH - ALL NOTES Flashcards
What is a physical property?
-A characteristic of matter that can be measured or observed without a change in its chemical composition
What are the intensive properties?
-Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present eg. temperature
What are extensive properties ?
-Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present eg. mass, volume
What are properties determined by?
-Intermolecular forces between molecules
What is packing?
-how well the individual molecules on a solid fit together in a crystal lattice-tighter means more energy to break
What is hydrophicity and lipophobicity?
-Ability of a chemical compound to go into solution with lipids and non-polar solvents
What is the polarity of a molecule indicated by?
-The molecule dipole movement of the entire molecule
What happens to a polar solute in a polar solvent ?
-Dissolves via soldatino as H2O molecules surround each ion with the appropriate end of the dipole moment next on the ion
What happens to a polar solute in a non-polar solvent?
-Does not dissolve as non-polar molecules do not solvate ions very strongly so ions in solid are more attracted to each other than the solvent
What happens to a non-polar solute in a non-polar solvent?
-Dissolves as molecules are weakly attracted to each other via van Der Waals forces which are easily overcome by van Der Waals forces in the solvent
What happens to a non-polar solute in a polar solvent ?
-Does not dissolve as the molecules are weakly attracted via van Der Waals forces and H2O is strongly attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding
What is the partition law?
-a given substance at a given temperature will partition itself between two immiscible solvents in a constant ratio of concentrations
What is the partition coefficient?
-P
What does the partition coefficient mean?
-How much of a mixture is organic and how much is aqueous
How do you work out the partition coefficient ?
-Adjust the experimental conditions-for acids: low pH for bases: high pH
