Acid-Base and pH - ALL NOTES

Question 1

What is a physical property?

Answer 1

-A characteristic of matter that can be measured or observed without a change in its chemical composition

Question 2

What are the intensive properties?

Answer 2

-Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present eg. temperature

Question 3

What are extensive properties ?

Answer 3

-Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present eg. mass, volume

Question 4

What are properties determined by?

Answer 4

-Intermolecular forces between molecules

Question 5

What is packing?

Answer 5

-how well the individual molecules on a solid fit together in a crystal lattice-tighter means more energy to break

Question 6

What is hydrophicity and lipophobicity?

Answer 6

-Ability of a chemical compound to go into solution with lipids and non-polar solvents

Question 7

What is the polarity of a molecule indicated by?

Answer 7

-The molecule dipole movement of the entire molecule

Question 8

What happens to a polar solute in a polar solvent ?

Answer 8

-Dissolves via soldatino as H2O molecules surround each ion with the appropriate end of the dipole moment next on the ion

Question 9

What happens to a polar solute in a non-polar solvent?

Answer 9

-Does not dissolve as non-polar molecules do not solvate ions very strongly so ions in solid are more attracted to each other than the solvent

Question 10

What happens to a non-polar solute in a non-polar solvent?

Answer 10

-Dissolves as molecules are weakly attracted to each other via van Der Waals forces which are easily overcome by van Der Waals forces in the solvent

Question 11

What happens to a non-polar solute in a polar solvent ?

Answer 11

-Does not dissolve as the molecules are weakly attracted via van Der Waals forces and H2O is strongly attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding

Question 12

What is the partition law?

Answer 12

-a given substance at a given temperature will partition itself between two immiscible solvents in a constant ratio of concentrations

Question 13

What is the partition coefficient?

Answer 13

-P

Question 14

What does the partition coefficient mean?

Answer 14

-How much of a mixture is organic and how much is aqueous

Question 15

How do you work out the partition coefficient ?

Answer 15

-Adjust the experimental conditions-for acids: low pH for bases: high pH

Question 16

How do you calculate the partition coefficient?

Question 17

Explain a method to gather information to work out P?

Answer 17

-mix two phases, allow to separate and add drug, allow phases to separate again and measure concentration of drug in aqueous phase the concentration of drug in organic phase by subtraction and calculate the value of P